Law-ref.org Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe - Final Act - Helsinki 1975
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PAGE: 1. (a) Declaration on Principles Guiding Relations between Participating States     [go to this PAGE]
... Expressing their common adherence to the principles which are set forth below and are in conformity with the Charter of the United Nations, as well as their common will to act, in the application of these principles, in conformity with the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations; ...


PAGE: II. Refraining from the threat or use of force     [go to this PAGE]
... Accordingly, the participating States will refrain from any acts constituting a threat of force or direct or indirect use of force against another participating State. Likewise they will refrain from any manifestation of force for the purpose of inducing another participating State to renounce the full exercise of its sovereign rights. Likewise they will also refrain in their mutual relations from any act of reprisal by force. ...
... Accordingly, the participating States will refrain from any acts constituting a threat of force or direct or indirect use of force against another participating State. Likewise they will refrain from any manifestation of force for the purpose of inducing another participating State to renounce the full exercise of its sovereign rights. Likewise they will also refrain in their mutual relations from any act of reprisal by force. ...


PAGE: III. Inviolability of frontiers     [go to this PAGE]
... Accordingly, they will also refrain from any demand for, or act of, seizure and usurpation of part or all of the territory of any participating State. ...


PAGE: VI. Non-intervention in internal affairs     [go to this PAGE]
... They will likewise in all circumstances refrain from any other act of military, or of political, economic or other coercion designed to subordinate to their own interest the exercise by another participating State of the rights inherent in its sovereignty and thus to secure advantages of any kind. ...


PAGE: VII. Respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, including the freedom of thought, conscience, religion or belief     [go to this PAGE]
... They confirm the right of the individual to know and act upon his rights and duties in this field. ...
... In the field of human rights and fundamental freedoms, the participating States will act in conformity with the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. They will also fulfil their obligations as set forth in the international declarations and agreements in this field, including inter alia the International Covenants on Human Rights, by which they may be bound. ...


PAGE: X. Fulfilment in good faith of obligations under international law     [go to this PAGE]
... In exercising their sovereign rights, including the right to determine their laws and regulations, they will conform with their legal obligations under international law; they will furthermore pay due regard to and implement the provisions in the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe. ...


PAGE: (b) Matters related to giving effect to certain of the above Principles (i) (ii)     [go to this PAGE]
... To refrain from any act of economic coercion designed to subordinate to their own interest the exercise by another participating State of the rights inherent in its sovereignty and thus to secure advantages of any kind. ...


PAGE: 2. Document on confidence-building measures and certain aspects of security and disarmament     [go to this PAGE]
... Determined further to refrain in their mutual relations, as well as in their international relations in general, from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any State, or in any other manner inconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations and with the Declaration on Principles Guiding Relations between Participating States as adopted in this Final Act; ...


PAGE: (c) Improvement of Working Conditions for Journalists     [go to this PAGE]
... The participating States reaffirm that the legitimate pursuit of their professional activity will neither render journalists liable to expulsion nor otherwise penalize them. If an accredited journalist is expelled, he will be informed of the reasons for this act and may submit an application for re- examination of his case. ...


PAGE: Follow-up to the Conference     [go to this PAGE]
... Intending to implement the provisions of the Final Act of the Conference in order to give full effect to its results and thus to further the process of improving security and developing co-operation in Europe, ...
... 1. Declare their resolve, in the period following the Conference, to pay due regard to and implement the provisions of the Final Act of the Conference: ...
... (a) by proceeding to a thorough exchange of views both on the implementation of the provisions of the Final Act and of the tasks defined by the Conference, as well as, in the context of the questions dealt with by the latter, on the deepening of their mutual relations, the improvement of security and the development of co-operation in Europe, and the development of the process of détente in the future; ...
... The original of this Final Act, drawn up in English, French, German, Italian, Russian and Spanish, will be transmitted to the Government of the Republic of Finland, which will retain it in its archives. Each of the participating States will receive from the Government of the Republic of Finland a true copy of this Final Act. ...
... The original of this Final Act, drawn up in English, French, German, Italian, Russian and Spanish, will be transmitted to the Government of the Republic of Finland, which will retain it in its archives. Each of the participating States will receive from the Government of the Republic of Finland a true copy of this Final Act. ...
... The text of this Final Act will be published in each participating State, which will disseminate it and make it known as widely as possible. ...
... The Government of the Republic of Finland is requested to transmit to the Secretary-General of the United Nations the text of this Final Act, which is not eligible for registration under Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations, with a view to its circulation to all the members of the Organization as an official document of the United Nations. ...
... The Government of the Republic of Finland is also requested to transmit the text of this Final Act to the Director-General of UNESCO and to the Executive Secretary of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. ...
... Wherefore, the undersigned High Representatives of the participating States, mindful of the high political significance which they attach to the results of the Conference, and declaring their determination to act in accordance with the provisions contained in the above texts, have subscribed their signatures below: ...