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Law-ref.org | Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe - Final Act - Helsinki 1975 |
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PAGE: Questions relating to Security in Europe [go to this PAGE]
... Considering that solidarity among peoples, as well as the
common purpose of the participating States in achieving the aims
as set forth by the Conference on Security and Co-operation in
Europe, should lead to the development of better and closer
relations among them in all fields and thus to overcoming the
confrontation stemming from the character of their past
relations, and to better mutual understanding; ...
... Mindful of their common history and recognizing that the
existence of elements common to their traditions and values can
assist them in developing their relations, and desiring to
search, fully taking into account the individuality and diversity
of their positions and views, for possibilities of joining their
efforts with a view to overcoming distrust and increasing
confidence, solving the problems that separate them and
cooperating in the interest of mankind; ...
... Mindful of their common history and recognizing that the
existence of elements common to their traditions and values can
assist them in developing their relations, and desiring to
search, fully taking into account the individuality and diversity
of their positions and views, for possibilities of joining their
efforts with a view to overcoming distrust and increasing
confidence, solving the problems that separate them and
cooperating in the interest of mankind; ...
... Recognizing the indivisibility of security in Europe as well
as their common interest in the development of co-operation
throughout Europe and among themselves and expressing their
intention to pursue efforts accordingly; ...
PAGE: 1. (a) Declaration on Principles Guiding Relations between Participating States [go to this PAGE]
... Expressing their common adherence to the principles which
are set forth below and are in conformity with the Charter of the
United Nations, as well as their common will to act, in the
application of these principles, in conformity with the purposes
and principles of the Charter of the United Nations; ...
... Expressing their common adherence to the principles which
are set forth below and are in conformity with the Charter of the
United Nations, as well as their common will to act, in the
application of these principles, in conformity with the purposes
and principles of the Charter of the United Nations; ...
PAGE: 2. Document on confidence-building measures and certain aspects of security and disarmament [go to this PAGE]
... Recognizing that there are other ways in which individual
States can contribute further to their common objectives; ...
PAGE: I Prior notification of major military manoeuvres Prior notification of other military manoeuvres Exchange of observers
Prior notification of major military movements Other confidence-building measures [go to this PAGE]
... The participating States recognize that there are other
means by which their common objectives can be promoted. ...
... In order to make a fuller contribution to their common
objective of confidence/building, the participating States, when
conducting their military activities in the area covered by the
provisions for the prior notification of major military
manoeuvres, will duly take into account and respect this
objective. ...
PAGE: Co-operation in the Field of Economics, of Science and Technology and of the Environment [go to this PAGE]
... Convinced that the growing world-wide economic
interdependence calls for increasing common and effective efforts
towards the solution of major world economic problems such as
food, energy, commodities, monetary and financial problems, and
therefore emphasizes the need for promoting stable and equitable
international economic relations, thus contributing to the
continuous and diversified economic development of all countries, ...
PAGE: 2. Industrial co-operation and projects of common interest Industrial co-operation [go to this PAGE]
PAGE: Projects of common interest [go to this PAGE]
... Projects of common interest ...
... Considering that their economic potential and their natural
resources permit, through common efforts, long-term co-operation
in the implementation, including at the regional or sub-regional
level, of major that these may contribute to the speeding-up of
the economic development of the countries participating therein, ...
... Noting that the provisions adopted by the Conference
relating to industrial co-operation are also applicable to
projects of common interest, ...
... regard it as necessary to encourage, where appropriate, the
investigation by competent and interested organizations,
enterprises and firms of the possibilities for the carrying out
of projects of common interest in the fields of energy resources
and of the exploitation of raw materials, as well as of transport
and communications; ...
... regard it as desirable that organizations, enterprises and
firms exploring the possibilities of taking part in projects of
common interest exchange with their potential partners, through
the appropriate channels, the requisite economic, legal,
financial and technical information pertaining to these projects; ...
... consider that possibilities for projects of common interest
with a view to long-term economic co-operation also exist in the
following fields: ...
... recommend that the States interested in projects of common
interest should consider under what conditions it would be
possible to establish them, and if they so desire, create the
necessary conditions for their actual implementation. ...
PAGE: 4. Science and technology [go to this PAGE]
... Convinced that scientific and technological co-operation
constitutes an important contribution to the strengthening of
security and co-operation among them, in that it assists the
effective solution of problems of common interest and the
improvement of the conditions of human life, ...
PAGE: Forms and methods of co-operation [go to this PAGE]
... recommend further that more effective utilization be made of
the possibilities and capabilities of existing international
organizations, intergovernmental and non-governmental, concerned
with science and technology, for improving exchanges of
information and experience, as well as for developing other forms
of co-operation in fields of common interest, for example: ...
PAGE: Aims of co-operation [go to this PAGE]
... to increase the effectiveness of national and international
measures for the protection of the environment, by the comparison
and, if appropriate, the harmonization of methods of gathering
and analyzing facts, by improving the knowledge of pollution
phenomena and rational utilization of natural resources, by the
exchange of information, by the harmonization of definitions and
the adoption, as far as possible, of a common terminology in the
field of the environment;
...
PAGE: Questions relating to Security and Co-operation in the Mediterranean [go to this PAGE]
... Believing that the strengthening of security and the
intensification of co-operation in Europe would stimulate
positive processes in the Mediterranean region, and expressing
their intention to contribute towards peace, security and justice
in the region, in which ends the participating States and the
non-participating Mediterranean States have a common interest, ...
... Recognizing the importance of their mutual economic
relations with the nonparticipating Mediterranean States, and
conscious of their common interest in the further development of
co-operation, ...
... to encourage with the non-participating Mediterranean States
the development of mutually beneficial co-operation in the
various fields of economic activity, especially by expanding
commercial exchanges, on the basis of a common awareness of the
necessity for stability and progress in trade relations, of their
mutual economic interests, and of differences in the levels of
economic development, thereby promoting their economic
advancement and well-being;
...
... In order to advance the objectives set forth above, the
participating States also declare their intention of maintaining
and amplifying the contacts and dialogue as initiated by the CSCE
with the non-participating Mediterranean States to include all
the States of the Mediterranean, with the purpose of contributing
to peace, reducing armed forces in the region, strengthening
security, lessening tensions in the region, and widening the
scope of co-operation, ends in which all share a common interest,
as well as with the purpose of defining further common
objectives. ...
... In order to advance the objectives set forth above, the
participating States also declare their intention of maintaining
and amplifying the contacts and dialogue as initiated by the CSCE
with the non-participating Mediterranean States to include all
the States of the Mediterranean, with the purpose of contributing
to peace, reducing armed forces in the region, strengthening
security, lessening tensions in the region, and widening the
scope of co-operation, ends in which all share a common interest,
as well as with the purpose of defining further common
objectives. ...
PAGE: 3. Co-operation and Exchanges in the Field of Culture [go to this PAGE]
... Convinced that such a development of their mutual relations
will contribute to the enrichment of the respective cultures,
while respecting the originality of each, as well as to the
reinforcement among them of a consciousness of common values,
while continuing to develop cultural co-operation with other
countries of the world, ...
... Thus give expression to their common will to take
progressive, coherent and long-term action in order to achieve
the objectives of the present declaration; and ...
PAGE: Contacts and Co-operation [go to this PAGE]
... encourage in this way contacts among creative and performing
artists and artistic groups with a view to their working
together, making known their works in other participating States
or exchanging views on topics relevant to their common activity;
...
PAGE: 4. Co-operation and Exchanges in the Field of Education [go to this PAGE]
... Desiring to strengthen the links among educational and
scientific establishments and also to encourage their co-
operation in sectors of common interest, particularly where the
levels of knowledge and resources require efforts to be concerted
internationally, and ...
PAGE: (b) Access and Exchanges [go to this PAGE]
... To improve access, under mutually acceptable conditions, for
students, teachers and scholars of the participating States to
each other's educational, cultural and scientific institutions,
and to intensify exchanges among these institutions in all areas
of common interest, in particular by: ...
PAGE: (c) Science [go to this PAGE]
... inviting scientific institutions and universities to keep
each other more fully and regularly informed about their current
and contemplated research work in fields of common interest.
To facilitate the extension of communications and direct
contacts between universities, scientific institutions and
associations as well as among scientists and research workers,
including those based where necessary on special agreements or
arrangements, by such means as:
...
... further developing exchanges of scientists and research
workers and encouraging the organization of preparatory meetings
or working groups on research topics of common interest;
...
... furthermore envisaging, in the near future, a "Scientific
Forum" in the form of a meeting of leading personalities in
science from the participating States to discuss interrelated
problems of common interest concerning current and future
developments in science, and to promote the expansion of
contacts, communications and the exchange of information between
scientific institutions and among scientists;
...
... the humanities and social sciences, such as history,
geography, philosophy, psychology, pedagogical research,
linguistics, sociology, the legal, political and economic
sciences; comparative studies on social, socio-economic and
cultural phenomena which are of common interest to the
participating States, especially the problems of human
environment and urban development; and scientific studies on the
methods of conserving and restoring monuments and works of art.
...
PAGE: (e) Teaching Methods [go to this PAGE]
... encouraging exchanges of experience in the education of
youth and adults in international understanding, with particular
reference to those major problems of mankind whose solution calls
for a common approach and wider international co-operation;
...