Law-ref.org Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe - Final Act - Helsinki 1975
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... The Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe, which opened at Helsinki on 3 July 1973 and continued at Geneva from 18 September 1973 to 21 July 1975, was concluded at Helsinki on 1 August 1975 by the High Representatives of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, the German Democratic Republic, the Federal Republic of Germany, Greece, the Holy See, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom, the United States of America and Yugoslavia. ...
... During the opening and closing stages of the Conference the participants were addressed by the Secretary-General of the United Nations as their guest of honour. The Director-General of UNESCO and the Executive Secretary of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe addressed the Conference during its second stage. ...
... During the opening and closing stages of the Conference the participants were addressed by the Secretary-General of the United Nations as their guest of honour. The Director-General of UNESCO and the Executive Secretary of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe addressed the Conference during its second stage. ...
... During the meetings of the second stage of the Conference, contributions were received, and statements heard, from the following non-participating Mediterranean States on various agenda items: the Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria, the Arab Republic of Egypt, Israel, the Kingdom of Morocco, the Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia. ...
... Determined, in consequence, to give full effect to the results of the Conference and to assure, among their States and throughout Europe, the benefits deriving from those results and thus to broaden, deepen and make continuing and lasting the process of détente, ...


PAGE: Questions relating to Security in Europe     [go to this PAGE]
... The States participating in the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe, ...
... Convinced of the need to exert efforts to make détente both a continuing and an increasingly viable and comprehensive process, universal in scope, and that the implementation of the results of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe will be a major contribution to this process; ...
... Considering that solidarity among peoples, as well as the common purpose of the participating States in achieving the aims as set forth by the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe, should lead to the development of better and closer relations among them in all fields and thus to overcoming the confrontation stemming from the character of their past relations, and to better mutual understanding; ...


PAGE: IX. Co-operation among States     [go to this PAGE]
... The participating States will develop their co-operation with one another and with all States in all fields in accordance with the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations. In developing their co-operation the participating States will place special emphasis on the fields as set forth within the framework of the Conference on Security and Co- operation in Europe, with each of them making its contribution in conditions of full equality. ...


PAGE: X. Fulfilment in good faith of obligations under international law     [go to this PAGE]
... In exercising their sovereign rights, including the right to determine their laws and regulations, they will conform with their legal obligations under international law; they will furthermore pay due regard to and implement the provisions in the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe. ...


PAGE: (b) Matters related to giving effect to certain of the above Principles (i) (ii)     [go to this PAGE]
... Are resolved to pursue the examination and elaboration of a generally acceptable method for the peaceful settlement of disputes aimed at complementing existing methods, and to continue to this end to work upon the "Draft Convention on a European System for the Peaceful Settlement of Disputes" submitted by Switzerland during the second stage of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe, as well as other proposals relating to it and directed towards the elaboration of such a method. ...
... Decide that, on the invitation of Switzerland, a meeting of experts of all the participating States will be convoked in order to fulfil the mandate described in paragraph 1 above within the framework and under the procedures of the follow-up to the Conference laid down in the chapter "Follow-up to the Conference". ...
... Decide that, on the invitation of Switzerland, a meeting of experts of all the participating States will be convoked in order to fulfil the mandate described in paragraph 1 above within the framework and under the procedures of the follow-up to the Conference laid down in the chapter "Follow-up to the Conference". ...
... This meeting of experts will take place after the meeting of the representatives appointed by the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the participating States, scheduled according to the chapter "Follow-up to the Conference" for 1977; the results of the work of this meeting of experts will be submitted to Governments. ...


PAGE: I Prior notification of major military manoeuvres Prior notification of other military manoeuvres Exchange of observers Prior notification of major military movements Other confidence-building measures     [go to this PAGE]
... In the same spirit, further consideration will be given by the States participating in the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe to the question of prior notification of major military movements, bearing in mind, in particular, the experience gained by the implementation of the measures which are set forth in this document. ...


PAGE: III General considerations     [go to this PAGE]
... Respect for the security interests of all States participating in the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe inherent in their sovereign equality; ...
... The importance that participants in negotiating fora see to it that information about relevant developments, progress and results is provided on an appropriate basis to other States participating in the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe and, in return, the justified interest of any of those States in having their views considered. ...


PAGE: Co-operation in the Field of Economics, of Science and Technology and of the Environment     [go to this PAGE]
... Having taken into account the work already undertaken by relevant international organizations and wishing to take advantage of the possibilities offered by these organizations, in particular by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, for giving effect to the provisions of the final documents of the Conference, ...


PAGE: 2. Industrial co-operation and projects of common interest Industrial co-operation     [go to this PAGE]
... note that the provisions adopted by the Conference relating to business contacts in the economic and commercial fields also apply to foreign organizations, enterprises and firms engaged in industrial co-operation, taking into account the specific conditions of this co-operation, and will endeavour to ensure, in particular, the existence of appropriate working conditions for personnel engaged in the implementation of co-operation projects; ...


PAGE: Projects of common interest     [go to this PAGE]
... Noting that the provisions adopted by the Conference relating to industrial co-operation are also applicable to projects of common interest, ...


PAGE: Possibilities for improving co-operation     [go to this PAGE]
... the expeditious implementation and improvement in organization, including programmes, of international visits of scientists and specialists in connexion with exchanges, conferences and co-operation; ...


PAGE: Forms and methods of co-operation     [go to this PAGE]
... holding of international and national conferences, symposia, seminars, courses and other meetings of a scientific and technological character, which would include the participation of foreign scientists and technologists; ...
... in the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, study of possibilities for expanding multilateral co-operation, taking into account models for projects and research used in various international organizations; and for sponsoring conferences, symposia, and study and working groups such as those which would bring together younger scientists and technologists with eminent specialists in their field; ...


PAGE: Forms and methods of co-operation     [go to this PAGE]
... organization of conferences, symposia and meetings of experts; ...


PAGE: Promotion of tourism     [go to this PAGE]
... dealing in a positive spirit with questions connected with the allocation of financial means for tourist travel abroad, having regard to their economic possibilities, as well as with those connected with the formalities required for such travel, taking into account other provisions on tourism adopted by the Conference; ...
... promoting conferences and symposia on the planning and development of tourism; ...


PAGE: Questions relating to Security and Co-operation in the Mediterranean     [go to this PAGE]
... Noting with appreciation the interest expressed by the non- participating Mediterranean States in the Conference since its inception, and having duly taken their contributions into account, ...


PAGE: (ii) Printed Information     [go to this PAGE]
... they will facilitate the availability of these periodical publications during congresses, conferences, official visits and other international events and to tourists during the season, ...


PAGE: (iii) Filmed and Broadcast Information     [go to this PAGE]
... The participating States note the expansion in the dissemination of information broadcast by radio, and express the hope for the continuation of this process, so as to meet the interest of mutual understanding among peoples and the aims set forth by this Conference. ...


PAGE: 3. Co-operation and Exchanges in the Field of Culture     [go to this PAGE]
... Confirming the conclusions already formulated in this field at the multilateral level, particularly at the Intergovernmental Conference on Cultural Policies in Europe, organized by UNESCO in Helsinki in June 1972, where interest was manifested in the active participation of the broadest possible social groups in an increasingly diversified cultural life, ...


PAGE: (c) Science     [go to this PAGE]
... assisting the organization and successful functioning of international conferences and seminars and participation in them by their scientists and research workers; ...


PAGE: Follow-up to the Conference     [go to this PAGE]
... Follow-up to the Conference ...
... Having considered and evaluated the progress made at the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe, ...
... Considering further that, within the broader context of the world, the Conference is an important part of the process of improving security and developing co-operation in Europe and that its results will contribute significantly to this process, ...
... Intending to implement the provisions of the Final Act of the Conference in order to give full effect to its results and thus to further the process of improving security and developing co-operation in Europe, ...
... Convinced that, in order to achieve the aims sought by the Conference, they should make further unilateral, bilateral and multilateral efforts and continue, in the appropriate forms set forth below, the multilateral process initiated by the Conference, ...
... Convinced that, in order to achieve the aims sought by the Conference, they should make further unilateral, bilateral and multilateral efforts and continue, in the appropriate forms set forth below, the multilateral process initiated by the Conference, ...
... 1. Declare their resolve, in the period following the Conference, to pay due regard to and implement the provisions of the Final Act of the Conference: ...
... 1. Declare their resolve, in the period following the Conference, to pay due regard to and implement the provisions of the Final Act of the Conference: ...
... 2. Declare furthermore their resolve to continue the multilateral process initiated by the Conference: ...
... (a) by proceeding to a thorough exchange of views both on the implementation of the provisions of the Final Act and of the tasks defined by the Conference, as well as, in the context of the questions dealt with by the latter, on the deepening of their mutual relations, the improvement of security and the development of co-operation in Europe, and the development of the process of détente in the future; ...
... (b) by organizing to these ends meetings among their representatives, beginning with a meeting at the level of representatives appointed by the Ministers of Foreign Affairs. This meeting will define the appropriate modalities for the holding of other meetings which could include further similar meetings and the possibility of a new Conference; ...
... 4. The rules of procedure, the working methods and the scale of distribution for the expenses of the Conference will, mutatis mutandis, be applied to the meetings envisaged in paragraphs 1 (c), 2 and 3 above. All the above-mentioned meetings will be held in the participating States in rotation. The services of a technical secretariat will be provided by the host country. ...
... Wherefore, the undersigned High Representatives of the participating States, mindful of the high political significance which they attach to the results of the Conference, and declaring their determination to act in accordance with the provisions contained in the above texts, have subscribed their signatures below: ...