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Law-ref.org | Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe - Final Act - Helsinki 1975 |
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PAGE: I. Sovereign equality, respect for the rights inherent in sovereignty [go to this PAGE]
... The participating States will respect each other's sovereign
equality and individuality as well as all the rights inherent in
and encompassed by its sovereignty, including in particular the
right of every State to juridical equality, to territorial
integrity and to freedom and political independence. They will
also respect each other's right freely to choose and develop its
political, social, economic and cultural systems as well as its
right to determine its laws and regulations. ...
PAGE: VII. Respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, including the freedom of thought, conscience, religion or belief
[go to this PAGE]
... They will promote and encourage the effective exercise of
civil, political, economic, social, cultural and other rights and
freedoms all of which derive from the inherent dignity of the
human person and are essential for his free and full development. ...
PAGE: VIII. Equal rights and self-determination of peoples [go to this PAGE]
... By virtue of the principle of equal rights and self-
determination of peoples, all peoples always have the right, in
full freedom, to determine, when and as they wish, their internal
and external political status, without external interference, and
to pursue as they wish their political, economic, social and
cultural development. ...
PAGE: IX. Co-operation among States [go to this PAGE]
... They will endeavour, in developing their co-operation as
equals, to promote mutual understanding and confidence, friendly
and good-neighbourly relations among themselves, international
peace, security and justice. They will equally endeavour, in
developing their co-operation, to improve the well-being of
peoples and contribute to the fulfilment of their aspirations
through, inter alia, the benefits resulting from increased mutual
knowledge and from progress and achievement in the economic,
scientific, technological, social, cultural and humanitarian
fields. They will take steps to promote conditions favourable to
making these benefits available to all; they will take into
account the interest of all in the narrowing of differences in
the levels of economic development, and in particular the
interest of developing countries throughout the world. ...
PAGE: 5. Environment [go to this PAGE]
... Affirming that experience has shown that economic
development and technological progress must be compatible with
the protection of the environment and the preservation of
historical and cultural values; that damage to the environment is
best avoided by preventive measures; and that the ecological
balance must be preserved in the exploitation and management of
natural resources. ...
PAGE: Promotion of tourism [go to this PAGE]
... Aware of the contribution made by international tourism to
the development of mutual understanding among peoples, to
increased knowledge of other countries' achievements in various
fields, as well as to economic, social and cultural progress, ...
... will endeavour, where possible, to ensure that the
development of tourism does not injure the environment and the
artistic, historic and cultural heritage in their respective
countries; ...
PAGE: Economic and social aspects of migrant labour [go to this PAGE]
... to ensure that the children of migrant workers established
in the host country have access to the education usually given
there, under the same conditions as the children of that country
and, furthermore, to permit them to receive supplementary
education in their own language, national culture, history and
geography; ...
PAGE: Questions relating to Security and Co-operation in the Mediterranean [go to this PAGE]
... Conscious of the geographical, historical, cultural,
economic and political aspects of their relationship with the
non-participating Mediterranean States, ...
PAGE: Co-operation in Humanitarian and Other Fields [go to this PAGE]
... Conscious that increased cultural and educational exchanges,
broader dissemination of information, contacts between people,
and the solution of humanitarian problems will contribute to the
attainment of these aims, ...
PAGE: (e) Improvement of Conditions for Tourism on an Individual or Collective Basis [go to this PAGE]
... The participating States consider that tourism contributes
to a fuller knowledge of the life, culture and history of other
countries, to the growth of understanding among peoples, to the
improvement of contacts and to the broader use of leisure. They
intend to promote the development of tourism, on an individual or
collective basis, and, in particular, they intend: ...
PAGE: 3. Co-operation and Exchanges in the Field of Culture [go to this PAGE]
... Considering that cultural exchanges and co-operation
contribute to a better comprehension among people and among
peoples, and thus promote a lasting understanding among States, ...
... Confirming the conclusions already formulated in this field
at the multilateral level, particularly at the Intergovernmental
Conference on Cultural Policies in Europe, organized by UNESCO in
Helsinki in June 1972, where interest was manifested in the
active participation of the broadest possible social groups in an
increasingly diversified cultural life, ...
... Confirming the conclusions already formulated in this field
at the multilateral level, particularly at the Intergovernmental
Conference on Cultural Policies in Europe, organized by UNESCO in
Helsinki in June 1972, where interest was manifested in the
active participation of the broadest possible social groups in an
increasingly diversified cultural life, ...
... Disposed in this spirit to increase substantially their
cultural exchanges, with regard both to persons and to cultural
works, and to develop among them an active co-operation, both at
the bilateral and the multilateral level, in all the fields of
culture, ...
... Disposed in this spirit to increase substantially their
cultural exchanges, with regard both to persons and to cultural
works, and to develop among them an active co-operation, both at
the bilateral and the multilateral level, in all the fields of
culture, ...
... Disposed in this spirit to increase substantially their
cultural exchanges, with regard both to persons and to cultural
works, and to develop among them an active co-operation, both at
the bilateral and the multilateral level, in all the fields of
culture, ...
... Convinced that such a development of their mutual relations
will contribute to the enrichment of the respective cultures,
while respecting the originality of each, as well as to the
reinforcement among them of a consciousness of common values,
while continuing to develop cultural co-operation with other
countries of the world, ...
... (a) to develop the mutual exchange of information with a
view to a better knowledge of respective cultural achievements, ...
... (b) to improve the facilities for the exchange and for the
dissemination of cultural property, ...
PAGE: Extension of Relations [go to this PAGE]
... To expand and improve at the various levels co-operation and
links in the field of culture, in particular by: ...
... concluding, where appropriate, agreements on a bilateral or
multilateral basis, providing for the extension of relations
among competent State institutions and non-governmental
organizations in the field of culture, as well as among people
engaged in cultural activities, taking into account the need both
for flexibility and the fullest possible use of existing
agreements, and bearing in mind that agreements and also other
arrangements constitute important means of developing cultural
co-operation and exchanges;
...
... concluding, where appropriate, agreements on a bilateral or
multilateral basis, providing for the extension of relations
among competent State institutions and non-governmental
organizations in the field of culture, as well as among people
engaged in cultural activities, taking into account the need both
for flexibility and the fullest possible use of existing
agreements, and bearing in mind that agreements and also other
arrangements constitute important means of developing cultural
co-operation and exchanges;
...
... concluding, where appropriate, agreements on a bilateral or
multilateral basis, providing for the extension of relations
among competent State institutions and non-governmental
organizations in the field of culture, as well as among people
engaged in cultural activities, taking into account the need both
for flexibility and the fullest possible use of existing
agreements, and bearing in mind that agreements and also other
arrangements constitute important means of developing cultural
co-operation and exchanges;
...
... encouraging direct contacts and communications among persons
engaged in cultural activities, including, where necessary, such
contacts and communications carried out on the basis of special
agreements and arrangements.
...
PAGE: Mutual Knowledge [go to this PAGE]
... Within their competence to adopt, on a bilateral and
multilateral level, appropriate measures which would give their
peoples a more comprehensive and complete mutual knowledge of
their achievements in the various fields of culture, and among
them: ...
... to examine jointly, if necessary with the assistance of
appropriate international organizations, the possible creation in
Europe and the structure of a bank of cultural data, which would
collect information from the participating countries and make it
available to its correspondents on their request, and to convene
for this purpose a meeting of experts from interested States;
...
... to consider, if necessary in conjunction with appropriate
international organizations, ways of compiling in Europe an
inventory of documentary films of a cultural or scientific nature
from the participating States;
...
... to examine jointly questions of expanding and improving
exchanges of information in the various fields of culture, such
as theatre, music, library work as well as the conservation and
restoration of cultural property.
...
... to examine jointly questions of expanding and improving
exchanges of information in the various fields of culture, such
as theatre, music, library work as well as the conservation and
restoration of cultural property.
...
PAGE: Exchanges and Dissemination [go to this PAGE]
... To contribute to the improvement of facilities for exchanges
and the dissemination of cultural property, by appropriate means,
in particular by: ...
... studying the possibilities for harmonizing and reducing the
charges relating to international commercial exchanges of books
and other cultural materials, and also for new means of insuring
works of art in foreign exhibitions and for reducing the risks of
damage or loss to which these works are exposed by their
movement;
...
... encouraging the exchange of information among interested
parties concerning events of a cultural character foreseen in the
participating States, in fields where this is most appropriate,
such as music, theatre and the plastic and graphic arts, with a
view to contributing to the compilation and publication of a
calendar of such events, with the assistance, where necessary, of
the appropriate international organizations;
...
... encouraging a study of the impact which the foreseeable
development, and a possible harmonization among interested
parties, of the technical means used for the dissemination of
culture might have on the development of cultural co-operation
and exchanges, while keeping in view the preservation of the
diversity and originality, of their respective cultures;
...
... encouraging a study of the impact which the foreseeable
development, and a possible harmonization among interested
parties, of the technical means used for the dissemination of
culture might have on the development of cultural co-operation
and exchanges, while keeping in view the preservation of the
diversity and originality, of their respective cultures;
...
... encouraging, in the way they deem appropriate, within their
cultural policies, the further development of interest in the
cultural heritage of the other participating States, conscious of
the merits and the value of each culture;
...
... encouraging, in the way they deem appropriate, within their
cultural policies, the further development of interest in the
cultural heritage of the other participating States, conscious of
the merits and the value of each culture;
...
... encouraging, in the way they deem appropriate, within their
cultural policies, the further development of interest in the
cultural heritage of the other participating States, conscious of
the merits and the value of each culture;
...
... endeavouring to ensure the full and effective application of
the international agreements and conventions on copyrights and on
circulation of cultural property to which they are party or to
which they may decide in the future to become party.
...
PAGE: Access [go to this PAGE]
... To promote fuller mutual access by all to the achievements -
works, experiences and performing arts - in the various fields of
culture of their countries, and to that end to make the best
possible efforts, in accordance with their competence, more
particularly: ...
... facilitating, while taking full account of the international
copyright conventions to which they are party, international
contacts and communications between authors and publishing
houses as well as other cultural institutions, with a view
to a more complete mutual access to cultural achievements;
...
... facilitating, while taking full account of the international
copyright conventions to which they are party, international
contacts and communications between authors and publishing
houses as well as other cultural institutions, with a view
to a more complete mutual access to cultural achievements;
...
... promoting, on a wider scale, the translation of works in the
sphere of literature and other fields of cultural activity,
produced in the languages of the other participating States,
especially from the less widely-spoken languages, and the
publication and dissemination of the translated works by
such measures as:
- encouraging more regular contacts between interested publishing houses;
- developing their efforts in the basic and advanced training of translators;
- encouraging, by appropriate means, the publishing houses of their countries to publish translations;
- facilitating the exchange between publishers and interested institutions of lists of books which might be translated;
- promoting between their countries the professional activity and co-operation of translators;
- carrying out joint studies on ways of further promoting translations and their dissemination;
... to envisage other appropriate measures which would permit,
where necessary by mutual agreement among interested parties, the
facilitation of access to their respective cultural achievements,
in particular in the field of books;
...
... to contribute by appropriate means to the wider use of the
mass media in order to improve mutual acquaintance with the
cultural life of each;
...
... to seek to develop the necessary conditions for migrant
workers and their families to preserve their links with their
national culture, and also to adapt themselves to their new
cultural environment;
...
... to seek to develop the necessary conditions for migrant
workers and their families to preserve their links with their
national culture, and also to adapt themselves to their new
cultural environment;
...
... to promote, by appropriate means, the extension of
opportunities for specialists from the other participating States
to work with materials of a cultural character from film and
audio-visual archives, within the framework of the existing rules
for work on such archival materials;
...
... to encourage a joint study by interested bodies, where
appropriate with the assistance of the competent international
organizations, of the expediency and the conditions for the
establishment of a repertory of their recorded television
programmes of a cultural nature, as well as of the means of
viewing them rapidly in order to facilitate their selection and
possible acquisition.
...
PAGE: Contacts and Co-operation [go to this PAGE]
... To contribute, by appropriate means, to the development of
contacts and co-operation in the various fields of culture,
especially among creative artists and people engaged in cultural
activities, in particular by making efforts to: ...
... To contribute, by appropriate means, to the development of
contacts and co-operation in the various fields of culture,
especially among creative artists and people engaged in cultural
activities, in particular by making efforts to: ...
... promote for persons active in the field of culture, travel
and meetings including, where necessary, those carried out on the
basis of agreements, contracts or other special arrangements and
which are relevant to their cultural co-operation;
...
... promote for persons active in the field of culture, travel
and meetings including, where necessary, those carried out on the
basis of agreements, contracts or other special arrangements and
which are relevant to their cultural co-operation;
...
... encourage, where necessary through appropriate arrangements,
exchanges of trainee and specialists and the granting of
scholarships for basic and advanced training in various fields of
culture such as the arts and architecture, museums and libraries,
literary studies and translation, and contribute to the creation
of favourable conditions of reception in their respective
institutions;
...
... encourage the exchange of experience in the training of
organizers of cultural activities as well as of teachers and
specialists in fields such as theatre, opera, ballet, music and
fine arts;
...
... study other possibilities for developing exchanges and co-
operation among persons active in the field of culture, with a
view to a better mutual knowledge of the cultural fife of the
participating States.
...
... study other possibilities for developing exchanges and co-
operation among persons active in the field of culture, with a
view to a better mutual knowledge of the cultural fife of the
participating States.
...
PAGE: Fields and Forms of Co-operation [go to this PAGE]
... To encourage the search for new fields and forms of cultural
co-operation, to these ends contributing to the conclusion among
interested parties, where necessary, of appropriate agreements
and arrangements, and in this context to promote: ...
... joint studies regarding cultural policies, in particular in
their social aspects, and as they relate to planning, town-
planning, educational and environmental policies, and the
cultural aspects of tourism;
...
... joint studies regarding cultural policies, in particular in
their social aspects, and as they relate to planning, town-
planning, educational and environmental policies, and the
cultural aspects of tourism;
...
... the exchange of knowledge in the realm of cultural
diversity, with a view to contributing thus to a better
understanding by interested parties of such diversity where it
occurs;
...
... such forms of cultural co-operation and the development of
such joint projects as:
- international events in the fields of the plastic and graphic arts, cinema, theatre, ballet, music, folklore, etc.; book fairs and exhibitions, joint performances of operatic and dramatic works, as well as performances given by soloists,
- instrumental ensembles, orchestras, choirs and other artistic groups, including those composed of amateurs, paying due attention to the organization of international cultural youth events and the exchange of young artists;
- the inclusion of works by writers and composers from the other participating States in the repertoires of soloists and artistic ensembles;
- the preparation, translation and publication of articles, studies and monographs, as well as of low-cost books and of artistic and literary collections, suited to making better known respective cultural achievements, envisaging for this purpose meetings among experts and representatives of publishing houses;
- the co-production and the exchange of films and of radio and television programmes, by promoting, in particular, meetings among producers, technicians and representatives of the public authorities with a view to working out favourable conditions for the execution of specific joint projects and by encouraging, in the field of co-production, the establishment of international filming teams;
- the organization of competitions for architects and town- planners, bearing in mind the possible implementation of the best projects and the formation, where possible, of international teams;
- the implementation of joint projects for conserving,
restoring and showing to advantage works of art, historical
and archaeological monuments and sites of cultural interest,
with the help, in appropriate cases, of international
organizations of a governmental or non-governmental
character as well as of private institutions - competent and
active in these fields - envisaging for this purpose:
- periodic meetings of experts of the interested parties to elaborate the necessary proposals, while bearing in mind the need to consider these questions in a wider social and economic context;
- the publication in appropriate periodicals of articles designed to make known and to compare, among the participating States, the most significant achievements and innovations;
- a joint study with a view to the improvement and possible harmonization of the different systems used to inventory and catalogue the historical monuments and places of cultural interest in their countries;
- the study of the possibilities for organizing international courses for the training of specialists in different disciplines relating to restoration.
... instrumental ensembles, orchestras, choirs and other
artistic groups, including those composed of amateurs,
paying due attention to the organization of international
cultural youth events and the exchange of young artists;
...
... the preparation, translation and publication of articles,
studies and monographs, as well as of low-cost books and of
artistic and literary collections, suited to making better
known respective cultural achievements, envisaging for this
purpose meetings among experts and representatives of
publishing houses;
...
... the implementation of joint projects for conserving,
restoring and showing to advantage works of art, historical
and archaeological monuments and sites of cultural interest,
with the help, in appropriate cases, of international
organizations of a governmental or non-governmental
character as well as of private institutions - competent and
active in these fields - envisaging for this purpose:
- periodic meetings of experts of the interested parties to elaborate the necessary proposals, while bearing in mind the need to consider these questions in a wider social and economic context;
- the publication in appropriate periodicals of articles designed to make known and to compare, among the participating States, the most significant achievements and innovations;
- a joint study with a view to the improvement and possible harmonization of the different systems used to inventory and catalogue the historical monuments and places of cultural interest in their countries;
- the study of the possibilities for organizing international courses for the training of specialists in different disciplines relating to restoration.
... a joint study with a view to the improvement and possible
harmonization of the different systems used to inventory
and catalogue the historical monuments and places of
cultural interest in their countries;
...
... National minorities or regional cultures. The
participating States, recognizing the contribution that national minorities
or regional cultures can make to co-operation among them in various
fields of culture, intend, when such minorities or cultures exist
within their territory, to facilitate this contribution, taking
into account the legitimate interests of their members. ...
PAGE: (b) Access and Exchanges [go to this PAGE]
... To improve access, under mutually acceptable conditions, for
students, teachers and scholars of the participating States to
each other's educational, cultural and scientific institutions,
and to intensify exchanges among these institutions in all areas
of common interest, in particular by: ...
... facilitating travel between the participating States by
scholars, teachers and students for purposes of study, teaching
and research as well as for improving knowledge of each other's
educational, cultural and scientific achievements;
...
PAGE: (c) Science [go to this PAGE]
... the humanities and social sciences, such as history,
geography, philosophy, psychology, pedagogical research,
linguistics, sociology, the legal, political and economic
sciences; comparative studies on social, socio-economic and
cultural phenomena which are of common interest to the
participating States, especially the problems of human
environment and urban development; and scientific studies on the
methods of conserving and restoring monuments and works of art.
...
PAGE: (d) Foreign Languages and Civilizations [go to this PAGE]
... To encourage the study of foreign languages and
civilizations as an important means of expanding communication
among peoples for their better acquaintance with the culture of
each country, as well as for the strengthening of international
co-operation; to this end to stimulate, within their competence,
the further development and improvement of foreign language
teaching and the diversification of choice of languages taught at
various levels, paying due attention to less widely-spread or
studied languages, and in particular: ...
PAGE: Follow-up to the Conference [go to this PAGE]
... (c) multilaterally, by meetings of experts of the participating
States, and also within the framework of existing international
organizations, such as the United Nations Economic Commission for
Europe and UNESCO, with regard to educational, scientific and
cultural co-operation;
...