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PAGE: 2. Document on confidence-building measures and certain aspects of security and disarmament [go to this PAGE]
... Recognizing that the exchange of observers by invitation at
military manoeuvres will help to promote contacts and mutual
understanding; ...
PAGE: I Prior notification of major military manoeuvres Prior notification of other military manoeuvres Exchange of observers
Prior notification of major military movements Other confidence-building measures [go to this PAGE]
... Exchange of observers ...
... In particular, they will, with due regard to reciprocity and
with a view to better mutual understanding, promote exchanges by
invitation among their military delegations. ...
PAGE: 1. Commercial Exchanges General provisions [go to this PAGE]
... 1. Commercial Exchanges ...
PAGE: Economic and commercial information [go to this PAGE]
... will in addition to the above encourage the development of
the exchange of economic and commercial information through,
where appropriate, joint commissions for economic, scientific and
technical co-operation, national and joint chambers of commerce,
and other suitable bodies; ...
PAGE: 2. Industrial co-operation and projects of common interest Industrial co-operation [go to this PAGE]
... recognize further that, if it is in their mutual interest,
concrete forms such as the following may be useful for the
development of industrial co-operation: joint production and
sale, specialization in production and sale, construction,
adaptation and modernization of industrial plants, co-operation
for the setting up of complete industrial installations with a
view to thus obtaining part of the resultant products, mixed
companies, exchanges of <know-how>, of technical information,
of patents and of licences, and joint industrial research within
the framework of specific co-operation projects; ...
... to improve the quality and the quantity of information
relevant to industrial co-operation, in particular the laws and
regulations, including those relating to foreign exchange,
general orientation of national economic plans and programmes as
well as programme priorities and economic conditions of the
market; and
...
... will encourage all forms of exchange of information and
communication of experience relevant to industrial co-operation,
including through contacts between potential partners and, where
appropriate, through joint commissions for economic, industrial,
scientific and technical co-operation, national and joint
chambers of commerce, and other suitable bodies; ...
PAGE: Projects of common interest [go to this PAGE]
... regard it as desirable that organizations, enterprises and
firms exploring the possibilities of taking part in projects of
common interest exchange with their potential partners, through
the appropriate channels, the requisite economic, legal,
financial and technical information pertaining to these projects; ...
... exchanges of electrical energy within Europe with a view to
utilizing the capacity of the electrical power stations as
rationally as possible;
...
PAGE: Specific bilateral arrangements [go to this PAGE]
... will consider favourably the conclusion, in appropriate
cases, of specific bilateral agreements concerning various
problems of mutual interest in the fields of commercial exchanges
and industrial co-operation, in particular with a view to
avoiding double taxation and to facilitating the transfer of
profits and the return of the value of the assets invested. ...
PAGE: Possibilities for improving co-operation [go to this PAGE]
... the improvement of opportunities for the exchange and
dissemination of scientific and technological information among
the parties interested in scientific and technological research
and co-operation including information related to the
organization and implementation of such co-operation;
...
... the expeditious implementation and improvement in
organization, including programmes, of international visits of
scientists and specialists in connexion with exchanges,
conferences and co-operation;
...
PAGE: Forms and methods of co-operation [go to this PAGE]
... exchange and circulation of books, periodicals and other
scientific and technological publications and papers among
interested organizations, scientific and technological
institutions, enterprises and scientists and technologists, as
well as participation in international programmes for the
abstracting and indexing of publications;
...
... exchanges and visits as well as other direct contacts and
communications among scientists and technologists, on the basis
of mutual agreement and other arrangements, for such purposes as
consultations, lecturing and conducting research, including the
use of laboratories, scientific libraries, and other documen-
tation centres in connexion therewith;
...
... joint preparation and implementation of programmes and
projects of mutual interest on the basis of consultation and
agreement among all parties concerned, including, where possible
and appropriate, exchanges of experience and research results,
and correlation of research programmes, between scientific and
technological research institutions and organizations;
...
... consider it desirable that periodic exchanges of views and
information take place on scientific policy, in particular on
general problems of orientation and administration of research
and the question of a better use of large-scale scientific and
experimental equipment on a co-operative basis; ...
... recommend further that more effective utilization be made of
the possibilities and capabilities of existing international
organizations, intergovernmental and non-governmental, concerned
with science and technology, for improving exchanges of
information and experience, as well as for developing other forms
of co-operation in fields of common interest, for example: ...
PAGE: Aims of co-operation [go to this PAGE]
... to increase the effectiveness of national and international
measures for the protection of the environment, by the comparison
and, if appropriate, the harmonization of methods of gathering
and analyzing facts, by improving the knowledge of pollution
phenomena and rational utilization of natural resources, by the
exchange of information, by the harmonization of definitions and
the adoption, as far as possible, of a common terminology in the
field of the environment;
...
PAGE: Forms and methods of co-operation [go to this PAGE]
... exchanges of scientific and technical information,
documentation and research results, including information on the
means of determining the possible effects on the environment of
technical and economic activities;
...
PAGE: 6. Co-operation in other areas Development of transport [go to this PAGE]
... note that the speed of technical progress in the various
fields of transport makes desirable a development of co-operation
and an increase in exchanges of information among them; ...
PAGE: Promotion of tourism [go to this PAGE]
... encouraging the exchange of information, including relevant
laws and regulations, studies, data and documentation relating to
tourism, and by improving statistics with a view to facilitating
their comparability;
...
... examining the possibilities of exchanging specialists and
students in the field of tourism, with a view to improving their
qualifications;
...
PAGE: Training of personnel [go to this PAGE]
... declare themselves willing to encourage co-operation in this
field notably by promoting exchange of information on the subject
of institutions, programmes and methods of training and advanced
training open to professional staff and technicians in the
various sectors of economic activity and especially in those of
management, public planning, agriculture and commercial and
banking techniques; ...
... consider that it is desirable to develop, under mutually
acceptable conditions, exchanges of professional staff and
technicians, particularly through training activities, of which
it would be left to the competent and interested bodies in the
participating States to discuss the modalities - duration,
financing, education and qualification levels of potential
participants; ...
PAGE: Questions relating to Security and Co-operation in the Mediterranean [go to this PAGE]
... to encourage with the non-participating Mediterranean States
the development of mutually beneficial co-operation in the
various fields of economic activity, especially by expanding
commercial exchanges, on the basis of a common awareness of the
necessity for stability and progress in trade relations, of their
mutual economic interests, and of differences in the levels of
economic development, thereby promoting their economic
advancement and well-being;
...
... The participating States would seek, in the framework of
their multilateral efforts, to encourage progress and appropriate
initiatives and to proceed to an exchange of views on the
attainment of the above purposes. ...
PAGE: Co-operation in Humanitarian and Other Fields [go to this PAGE]
... Conscious that increased cultural and educational exchanges,
broader dissemination of information, contacts between people,
and the solution of humanitarian problems will contribute to the
attainment of these aims, ...
PAGE: (d) Travel for Personal or Professional Reasons [go to this PAGE]
... They confirm that religious faiths, institutions and
organizations, practising within the constitutional framework of
the participating States, and their representatives can, in the
field of their activities, have contacts and meetings among
themselves and exchange information. ...
PAGE: (f) Meetings among Young People [go to this PAGE]
... The participating States intend to further the development
of contacts and exchanges among young people by encouraging: ...
... increased exchanges and contacts on a short or long term
basis among young people working, training or undergoing
education through bilateral or multilateral agreements or regular
programmes in all cases where it is possible;
...
... agreements or regular programmes relating to the
organization of exchanges of students, of international youth
seminars, of courses of professional training and foreign
language study;
...
... the development, where possible, of exchanges, contacts and
co-operation on a bilateral or multilateral basis between their
organizations which represent wide circles of young people
working, training or undergoing education;
...
PAGE: (g) Sport [go to this PAGE]
... In order to expand existing links and co-operation in the
field of sport the participating States will encourage contacts
and exchanges of this kind, including sports meetings and
competitions of all sorts, on the basis of the established
international rules, regulations and practice. ...
PAGE: 2. Information [go to this PAGE]
... Make it their aim to facilitate the freer and wider
dissemination of information of all kinds, to encourage co-
operation in the field of information and the exchange of
information with other countries, and to improve the conditions
under which journalists from one participating State exercise
their profession in another participating State, and ...
PAGE: (a) Improvement of the Circulation of, Access to, and Exchange of Information (i) Oral Information [go to this PAGE]
... To facilitate the dissemination of oral information through
the encouragement of lectures and lecture tours by personalities
and specialists from the other participating States, as well as
exchanges of opinions at round table meetings, seminars,
symposia, summer schools, congresses and other bilateral and
multilateral meetings. ...
PAGE: (b) Co-operation in the Field of Information [go to this PAGE]
... they will favour co-operation among public or private,
national or international radio and television organizations, in
particular through the exchange of both live and recorded radio
and television programmes, and through the joint production and
the broadcasting and distribution of such programmes;
...
... they will view favourably the possibilities of arrangements
between periodical publications as well as between newspapers
from the participating States, for the purpose of exchanging and
publishing articles;
...
... they will encourage the exchange of technical information as
well as the organization of joint research and meetings devoted
to the exchange of experience and views between experts in the
field of the press, radio and television.
...
... they will encourage the exchange of technical information as
well as the organization of joint research and meetings devoted
to the exchange of experience and views between experts in the
field of the press, radio and television.
...
PAGE: 3. Co-operation and Exchanges in the Field of Culture [go to this PAGE]
... Considering that cultural exchanges and co-operation
contribute to a better comprehension among people and among
peoples, and thus promote a lasting understanding among States, ...
... Disposed in this spirit to increase substantially their
cultural exchanges, with regard both to persons and to cultural
works, and to develop among them an active co-operation, both at
the bilateral and the multilateral level, in all the fields of
culture, ...
... (a) to develop the mutual exchange of information with a
view to a better knowledge of respective cultural achievements, ...
... (b) to improve the facilities for the exchange and for the
dissemination of cultural property, ...
PAGE: Extension of Relations [go to this PAGE]
... concluding, where appropriate, agreements on a bilateral or
multilateral basis, providing for the extension of relations
among competent State institutions and non-governmental
organizations in the field of culture, as well as among people
engaged in cultural activities, taking into account the need both
for flexibility and the fullest possible use of existing
agreements, and bearing in mind that agreements and also other
arrangements constitute important means of developing cultural
co-operation and exchanges;
...
PAGE: Mutual Knowledge [go to this PAGE]
... to promote the systematic exchange, between the institutions
concerned and publishing houses, of catalogues of available books
as well as of pre-publication material which will include, as far
as possible, all forthcoming publications; and also to promote
the exchange of material between firms publishing encyclopaedias,
with a view to improving the presentation of each country;
...
... to promote the systematic exchange, between the institutions
concerned and publishing houses, of catalogues of available books
as well as of pre-publication material which will include, as far
as possible, all forthcoming publications; and also to promote
the exchange of material between firms publishing encyclopaedias,
with a view to improving the presentation of each country;
...
... to examine jointly questions of expanding and improving
exchanges of information in the various fields of culture, such
as theatre, music, library work as well as the conservation and
restoration of cultural property.
...
PAGE: Exchanges and Dissemination [go to this PAGE]
... Exchanges and Dissemination ...
... To contribute to the improvement of facilities for exchanges
and the dissemination of cultural property, by appropriate means,
in particular by: ...
... studying the possibilities for harmonizing and reducing the
charges relating to international commercial exchanges of books
and other cultural materials, and also for new means of insuring
works of art in foreign exhibitions and for reducing the risks of
damage or loss to which these works are exposed by their
movement;
...
... encouraging meetings among representatives of competent
organizations and relevant firms to examine measures within their
field of activity - such as the simplification of orders, time
limits for sending supplies and modalities of payment - which
might facilitate international commercial exchanges of books;
...
... encouraging the exchange of information among interested
parties concerning events of a cultural character foreseen in the
participating States, in fields where this is most appropriate,
such as music, theatre and the plastic and graphic arts, with a
view to contributing to the compilation and publication of a
calendar of such events, with the assistance, where necessary, of
the appropriate international organizations;
...
... encouraging a study of the impact which the foreseeable
development, and a possible harmonization among interested
parties, of the technical means used for the dissemination of
culture might have on the development of cultural co-operation
and exchanges, while keeping in view the preservation of the
diversity and originality, of their respective cultures;
...
PAGE: Access [go to this PAGE]
... facilitating the exchange between publishers and
interested institutions of lists of books which might be
translated;
...
... improving and expanding exchanges of books, bibliographies
and catalogue cards between libraries;
...
PAGE: Contacts and Co-operation [go to this PAGE]
... encourage in this way contacts among creative and performing
artists and artistic groups with a view to their working
together, making known their works in other participating States
or exchanging views on topics relevant to their common activity;
...
... encourage, where necessary through appropriate arrangements,
exchanges of trainee and specialists and the granting of
scholarships for basic and advanced training in various fields of
culture such as the arts and architecture, museums and libraries,
literary studies and translation, and contribute to the creation
of favourable conditions of reception in their respective
institutions;
...
... encourage the exchange of experience in the training of
organizers of cultural activities as well as of teachers and
specialists in fields such as theatre, opera, ballet, music and
fine arts;
...
... study other possibilities for developing exchanges and co-
operation among persons active in the field of culture, with a
view to a better mutual knowledge of the cultural fife of the
participating States.
...
PAGE: Fields and Forms of Co-operation [go to this PAGE]
... the exchange of knowledge in the realm of cultural
diversity, with a view to contributing thus to a better
understanding by interested parties of such diversity where it
occurs;
...
... the exchange of information, and as may be appropriate,
meetings of experts, the elaboration and the execution of
research programmes and projects, as well as their joint
evaluation, and the dissemination of the results, on the subjects
indicated above;
...
... instrumental ensembles, orchestras, choirs and other
artistic groups, including those composed of amateurs,
paying due attention to the organization of international
cultural youth events and the exchange of young artists;
...
... the co-production and the exchange of films and of radio and
television programmes, by promoting, in particular, meetings
among producers, technicians and representatives of the
public authorities with a view to working out favourable
conditions for the execution of specific joint projects and
by encouraging, in the field of co-production, the
establishment of international filming teams;
...
PAGE: 4. Co-operation and Exchanges in the Field of Education [go to this PAGE]
... Prepared to facilitate, between organizations, institutions
and persons engaged in education and science, the further
development of exchanges of knowledge and experience as well as
of contacts, on the basis of special arrangements where these are
necessary, ...
PAGE: (a) Extension of Relations [go to this PAGE]
... concluding, where appropriate, bilateral or multilateral
agreements providing for co-operation and exchanges among State
institutions, non-governmental bodies and persons engaged in
activities in education and science, bearing in mind the need
both for flexibility and the fuller use of existing agreements
and arrangements;
...
PAGE: (b) Access and Exchanges [go to this PAGE]
... To improve access, under mutually acceptable conditions, for
students, teachers and scholars of the participating States to
each other's educational, cultural and scientific institutions,
and to intensify exchanges among these institutions in all areas
of common interest, in particular by: ...
... increasing the exchange of information on facilities for
study and courses open to foreign participants, as well as on the
conditions under which they will be admitted and received;
...
... establishing, developing or encouraging programmes providing
for the broader exchange of scholars, teachers and students,
including the organization of symposia, seminars and
collaborative projects, and the exchanges of educational and
scholarly information such as university publications and
materials from libraries;
...
... establishing, developing or encouraging programmes providing
for the broader exchange of scholars, teachers and students,
including the organization of symposia, seminars and
collaborative projects, and the exchanges of educational and
scholarly information such as university publications and
materials from libraries;
...
... promoting a more exact assessment of the problems of
comparison and equivalence of academic degrees and diplomas by
fostering the exchange of information on the organization,
duration and content of studies, the comparison of methods of
assessing levels of knowledge, and academic qualifications, and,
where feasible, arriving at the mutual recognition of academic
degrees and diplomas either through governmental agreements,
where necessary, or direct arrangements between universities and
other institutions of higher learning and research;
...
PAGE: (c) Science [go to this PAGE]
... Within their competence to broaden and improve co-operation
and exchanges in the field of science, in particular: ...
... To increase, on a bilateral or multilateral basis, the
exchange and dissemination of scientific information and
documentation by such means as: ...
... broadening and facilitating the exchange of samples and
other scientific materials used particularly for fundamental
research in the fields of natural sciences and medicine;
...
... further developing exchanges of scientists and research
workers and encouraging the organization of preparatory meetings
or working groups on research topics of common interest;
...
... furthermore envisaging, in the near future, a "Scientific
Forum" in the form of a meeting of leading personalities in
science from the participating States to discuss interrelated
problems of common interest concerning current and future
developments in science, and to promote the expansion of
contacts, communications and the exchange of information between
scientific institutions and among scientists;
...
PAGE: (d) Foreign Languages and Civilizations [go to this PAGE]
... to intensify co-operation aimed at improving the teaching of
foreign languages through exchanges of information and experience
concerning the development and application of effective modem
teaching methods and technical aids, adapted to the needs of
different categories of students, including methods of
accelerated teaching; and to consider the possibility of
conducting, on a bilateral or multilateral basis, studies of new
methods of foreign language teaching;
...
... to encourage co-operation between institutions concerned, on
a bilateral or multilateral basis, aimed at exploiting more fully
the resources of modem educational technology in language
teaching, for example through comparative studies by their
specialists and, where agreed, through exchanges or transfers of
audio-visual materials, of materials used for preparing
textbooks, as well as of information about new types of technical
equipment used for teaching languages;
...
... to promote the exchange of information on the experience
acquired in the training of language teachers and to intensify
exchanges on a bilateral basis of language teachers and students
as well as to facilitate their participation in summer courses in
languages and civilizations, wherever these are organized;
...
... to promote the exchange of information on the experience
acquired in the training of language teachers and to intensify
exchanges on a bilateral basis of language teachers and students
as well as to facilitate their participation in summer courses in
languages and civilizations, wherever these are organized;
...
PAGE: (e) Teaching Methods [go to this PAGE]
... To promote the exchange of experience, on a bilateral or
multilateral basis, in teaching methods at all levels of
education, including those used in permanent and adult education,
as well as the exchange of teaching materials, in particular by: ...
... To promote the exchange of experience, on a bilateral or
multilateral basis, in teaching methods at all levels of
education, including those used in permanent and adult education,
as well as the exchange of teaching materials, in particular by: ...
... further developing various forms of contacts and co-
operation in the different fields of pedagogical science, for
example through comparative or joint studies carried out by
interested institutions or through exchanges of information on
the results of teaching experiments;
...
... intensifying exchanges of information on teaching methods
used in various educational systems and on results of research
into the processes by which pupils and students acquire
knowledge, taking account of relevant experience in different
types of specialized education;
...
... facilitating exchanges of experience concerning the
organization and functioning of education intended for adults and
recurrent education, the relationships between these and other
forms and levels of education, as well as concerning the means of
adapting education, including vocational and technical training,
to the needs of economic and social development in their
countries;
...
... encouraging exchanges of experience in the education of
youth and adults in international understanding, with particular
reference to those major problems of mankind whose solution calls
for a common approach and wider international co-operation;
...
... encouraging exchanges of teaching materials - including
school textbooks, having in mind the possibility of promoting
mutual knowledge and facilitating the presentation of each
country in such books - as well as exchanges of information on
technical innovations in the field of education.
...
... encouraging exchanges of teaching materials - including
school textbooks, having in mind the possibility of promoting
mutual knowledge and facilitating the presentation of each
country in such books - as well as exchanges of information on
technical innovations in the field of education.
...
PAGE: Follow-up to the Conference [go to this PAGE]
... (a) by proceeding to a thorough exchange of views both on the
implementation of the provisions of the Final Act and of the
tasks defined by the Conference, as well as, in the context of
the questions dealt with by the latter, on the deepening of their
mutual relations, the improvement of security and the development
of co-operation in Europe, and the development of the process of
détente in the future;
...