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Law-ref.org | Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe - Final Act - Helsinki 1975 |
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PAGE: Questions relating to Security in Europe [go to this PAGE]
... Convinced of the need to exert efforts to make détente both
a continuing and an increasingly viable and comprehensive
process, universal in scope, and that the implementation of the
results of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe
will be a major contribution to this process; ...
PAGE: X. Fulfilment in good faith of obligations under international law [go to this PAGE]
... In exercising their sovereign rights, including the right to
determine their laws and regulations, they will conform with
their legal obligations under international law; they will
furthermore pay due regard to and implement the provisions in the
Final Act of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in
Europe. ...
PAGE: 2. Document on confidence-building measures and certain aspects of security and disarmament [go to this PAGE]
... Accepting the responsibility of each of them to promote
these objectives and to implement this measure, in accordance
with the accepted criteria and modalities, as essentials for the
realization of these objectives; ...
PAGE: I Prior notification of major military manoeuvres Prior notification of other military manoeuvres Exchange of observers
Prior notification of major military movements Other confidence-building measures [go to this PAGE]
... In the same spirit, further consideration will be given by
the States participating in the Conference on Security and
Co-operation in Europe to the question of prior notification of
major military movements, bearing in mind, in particular, the
experience gained by the implementation of the measures which are
set forth in this document. ...
... They also recognize that the experience gained by the
implementation of the provisions set forth above, together with
further efforts, could lead to developing and enlarging measures
aimed at strengthening confidence. ...
PAGE: Business contacts and facilities [go to this PAGE]
... will take measures further to improve conditions for the
expansion of contacts between representatives of official bodies,
of the different organizations, enterprises, firms and banks
concerned with foreign trade, in particular, where useful,
between sellers and users of products and services, for the
purpose of studying commercial possibilities, concluding
contracts, ensuring their implementation and providing after-
sales services; ...
PAGE: Marketing [go to this PAGE]
... will encourage the improvement of conditions for the
implementation of measures to promote trade and to satisfy the
needs of users in respect of imported products, in particular
through market research and advertising measures as well as,
where useful, the establishment of supply facilities, the
furnishing of spare parts, the functioning of after sales
services, and the training of the necessary local technical
personnel; ...
PAGE: 2. Industrial co-operation and projects of common interest Industrial co-operation [go to this PAGE]
... note that industrial co-operation is implemented by means of
contracts concluded between competent organizations, enterprises
and firms on the basis of economic considerations; ...
... consider it desirable, with a view to expanding industrial
co-operation, to encourage the exploration of co-operation
possibilities and the implementation of co-operation projects and
will take measures to this end, inter alia, by facilitating and
increasing all forms of business contacts between competent
organizations, enterprises and firms and between their respective
qualified personnel; ...
... note that the provisions adopted by the Conference relating
to business contacts in the economic and commercial fields also
apply to foreign organizations, enterprises and firms engaged in
industrial co-operation, taking into account the specific
conditions of this co-operation, and will endeavour to ensure, in
particular, the existence of appropriate working conditions for
personnel engaged in the implementation of co-operation projects; ...
... consider it desirable to further improve conditions for the
implementation of industrial co-operation projects, in particular
with respect to: ...
... consider it desirable that the partners, when concluding
industrial co-operation contracts, should devote due attention to
provisions concerning the extension of the necessary mutual
assistance and the provision of the necessary information during
the implementation of these contracts, in particular with a view
to attaining the required technical level and quality of the
products resulting from such co-operation; ...
PAGE: Projects of common interest [go to this PAGE]
... Considering that their economic potential and their natural
resources permit, through common efforts, long-term co-operation
in the implementation, including at the regional or sub-regional
level, of major that these may contribute to the speeding-up of
the economic development of the countries participating therein, ...
... Considering it desirable that the competent organizations,
enterprises and firms of all countries should be given the
possibility of indicating their interest in participating in such
projects, and, in case of agreement, of taking part in their
implementation, ...
... recommend that the States interested in projects of common
interest should consider under what conditions it would be
possible to establish them, and if they so desire, create the
necessary conditions for their actual implementation. ...
PAGE: 4. Science and technology [go to this PAGE]
... Affirming that such co-operation can be developed and
implemented bilaterally and multilaterally at the governmental
and non-governmental levels, for example, through
intergovernmental and other agreements, international
programmes, cooperative projects and commercial channels, while
utilizing also various forms of contacts, including direct and
individual contacts, ...
PAGE: Possibilities for improving co-operation [go to this PAGE]
... the improvement of opportunities for the exchange and
dissemination of scientific and technological information among
the parties interested in scientific and technological research
and co-operation including information related to the
organization and implementation of such co-operation;
...
... the expeditious implementation and improvement in
organization, including programmes, of international visits of
scientists and specialists in connexion with exchanges,
conferences and co-operation;
...
PAGE: Forms and methods of co-operation [go to this PAGE]
... joint preparation and implementation of programmes and
projects of mutual interest on the basis of consultation and
agreement among all parties concerned, including, where possible
and appropriate, exchanges of experience and research results,
and correlation of research programmes, between scientific and
technological research institutions and organizations;
...
PAGE: Forms and methods of co-operation [go to this PAGE]
... The participating States are resolved that co-operation in
the field of the environment will be implemented in particular
through: ...
... joint preparation and implementation of programmes and
projects for the study and solution of various problems of
environmental protection;
...
... promoting the progressive development, codification and
implementation of international law as one means of preserving
and enhancing the human environment, including principles and
practices, as accepted by them, relating to pollution and other
environmental damage caused by activities within the jurisdiction
or control of their States affecting other countries and regions;
...
... supporting and promoting the implementation of relevant
international Conventions to which they are parties, in
particular those designed to prevent and combat marine and fresh
water pollution, recommending States to ratify Conventions which
have already been signed, as well as considering possibilities of
accepting other appropriate Conventions to which they are not
parties at present;
...
PAGE: 6. Co-operation in other areas Development of transport [go to this PAGE]
... consider that examination by the participating States of the
possibility of their accession to the different conventions or to
membership of international organizations specializing in
transport matters, as well as their efforts to implement
conventions when ratified, could contribute to the strengthening
of their co-operation in this field. ...
PAGE: 1. Human Contacts [go to this PAGE]
... Express their intention now to proceed to the implementation
of the following: ...
PAGE: (ii) Printed Information [go to this PAGE]
... where necessary, they will take appropriate measures to
achieve the above objectives and to implement the provisions
contained in the agreements and contracts.
...
PAGE: 3. Co-operation and Exchanges in the Field of Culture [go to this PAGE]
... Express their intention now to proceed to the implementation
of the following: ...
PAGE: Fields and Forms of Co-operation [go to this PAGE]
... the organization of competitions for architects and town-
planners, bearing in mind the possible implementation of the
best projects and the formation, where possible, of
international teams;
...
... the implementation of joint projects for conserving,
restoring and showing to advantage works of art, historical
and archaeological monuments and sites of cultural interest,
with the help, in appropriate cases, of international
organizations of a governmental or non-governmental
character as well as of private institutions - competent and
active in these fields - envisaging for this purpose:
- periodic meetings of experts of the interested parties to elaborate the necessary proposals, while bearing in mind the need to consider these questions in a wider social and economic context;
- the publication in appropriate periodicals of articles designed to make known and to compare, among the participating States, the most significant achievements and innovations;
- a joint study with a view to the improvement and possible harmonization of the different systems used to inventory and catalogue the historical monuments and places of cultural interest in their countries;
- the study of the possibilities for organizing international courses for the training of specialists in different disciplines relating to restoration.
PAGE: (b) Access and Exchanges [go to this PAGE]
... promoting the efficient implementation of such arrangements
and programmes by providing scholars, teachers and students in
good time with more detailed information about their placing in
universities and institutes and the programmes envisaged for
them; by granting them the opportunity to use relevant scholarly,
scientific and open archival materials; and by facilitating their
travel within the receiving State for the purpose of study or
research as well as in the form of vacation tours on the basis of
the usual procedures;
...
PAGE: Follow-up to the Conference [go to this PAGE]
... Intending to implement the provisions of the Final Act of
the Conference in order to give full effect to its results and
thus to further the process of improving security and developing
co-operation in Europe, ...
... 1. Declare their resolve, in the period following the
Conference, to pay due regard to and implement the provisions of
the Final Act of the Conference:
- (a) unilaterally, in all cases which lend themselves to such action;
- (b) bilaterally, by negotiations with other participating States;
- (c) multilaterally, by meetings of experts of the participating States, and also within the framework of existing international organizations, such as the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe and UNESCO, with regard to educational, scientific and cultural co-operation;
... (a) by proceeding to a thorough exchange of views both on the
implementation of the provisions of the Final Act and of the
tasks defined by the Conference, as well as, in the context of
the questions dealt with by the latter, on the deepening of their
mutual relations, the improvement of security and the development
of co-operation in Europe, and the development of the process of
détente in the future;
...