Law-ref.org Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe - Final Act - Helsinki 1975
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PAGE: VIII. Equal rights and self-determination of peoples     [go to this PAGE]
... The participating States will respect the equal rights of peoples and their right to self-determination, acting at all times in conformity with the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and with the relevant norms of international law, including those relating to territorial integrity of States. ...


PAGE: IX. Co-operation among States     [go to this PAGE]
... They confirm that governments, institutions, organizations and persons have a relevant and positive role to play in contributing toward the achievement of these aims of their co-operation. ...


PAGE: 2. Document on confidence-building measures and certain aspects of security and disarmament     [go to this PAGE]
... Taking into account considerations relevant to efforts aimed at lessening tension and promoting disarmament; ...


PAGE: I Prior notification of major military manoeuvres Prior notification of other military manoeuvres Exchange of observers Prior notification of major military movements Other confidence-building measures     [go to this PAGE]
... Notification will contain information of the designation, if any, the general purpose of and the States involved in the manoeuvre, the type or types and numerical strength of the forces engaged, the area and estimated time-frame of its conduct. The participating States will also, if possible, provide additional relevant information, particularly that related to the components of the forces engaged and the period of involvement of these forces. ...


PAGE: III General considerations     [go to this PAGE]
... The importance that participants in negotiating fora see to it that information about relevant developments, progress and results is provided on an appropriate basis to other States participating in the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe and, in return, the justified interest of any of those States in having their views considered. ...


PAGE: Co-operation in the Field of Economics, of Science and Technology and of the Environment     [go to this PAGE]
... Having taken into account the work already undertaken by relevant international organizations and wishing to take advantage of the possibilities offered by these organizations, in particular by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, for giving effect to the provisions of the final documents of the Conference, ...
... Considering that the guidelines and concrete recommendations contained in the following texts are aimed at promoting further development of their mutual economic relations, and convinced that their co-operation in this field should take place in full respect for the principles guiding relations among participating States as set forth in the relevant document, ...


PAGE: 1. Commercial Exchanges General provisions     [go to this PAGE]
... consider that their trade in various products should be conducted in such a way as not to cause or threaten to cause serious injury - and should the situation arise, market disruption - in domestic markets for these products and in particular to the detriment of domestic producers of like or directly competitive products; as regards the concept of market disruption, it is understood that it should not be invoked in a way inconsistent with the relevant provisions of their international agreements; if they resort to safeguard measures, they will do so in conformity with their commitments in this field arising from international agreements to which they are parties and will take account of the interests of the parties directly concerned; ...


PAGE: Economic and commercial information     [go to this PAGE]
... Expressing their readiness to improve the quality and increase the quantity and supply of economic and relevant administrative information, ...


PAGE: 2. Industrial co-operation and projects of common interest Industrial co-operation     [go to this PAGE]
... to improve the quality and the quantity of information relevant to industrial co-operation, in particular the laws and regulations, including those relating to foreign exchange, general orientation of national economic plans and programmes as well as programme priorities and economic conditions of the market; and ...
... will encourage all forms of exchange of information and communication of experience relevant to industrial co-operation, including through contacts between potential partners and, where appropriate, through joint commissions for economic, industrial, scientific and technical co-operation, national and joint chambers of commerce, and other suitable bodies; ...


PAGE: Forms and methods of co-operation     [go to this PAGE]
... The participating States declare that problems relating to the protection and improvement of the environment will be solved on both a bilateral and a multilateral, including regional and sub-regional, basis, making full use of existing pattern and forms of co-operation. They will develop co-operation in the field of the environment in particular by taking into consideration the Stockholm Declaration on the Human Environment, relevant resolutions of the United Nations General Assembly and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Prague sym- posium on environmental problems. ...
... supporting and promoting the implementation of relevant international Conventions to which they are parties, in particular those designed to prevent and combat marine and fresh water pollution, recommending States to ratify Conventions which have already been signed, as well as considering possibilities of accepting other appropriate Conventions to which they are not parties at present; ...
... to advocate that within the framework of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe a study be carried out of procedures and relevant experience relating to the activities of Governments in developing the capabilities of their countries to predict adequately environmental consequences of economic activities and technological development. ...


PAGE: Promotion of tourism     [go to this PAGE]
... encouraging the exchange of information, including relevant laws and regulations, studies, data and documentation relating to tourism, and by improving statistics with a view to facilitating their comparability; ...
... consider it desirable to carry out in the appropriate international framework, and with the co-operation of the relevant national bodies, detailed studies on tourism, in particular: ...


PAGE: Questions relating to Security and Co-operation in the Mediterranean     [go to this PAGE]
... to promote further contacts and co-operation with the non- participating Mediterranean States in other relevant fields. ...


PAGE: Co-operation in Humanitarian and Other Fields     [go to this PAGE]
... Convinced that this co-operation should take place in full respect for the principles guiding relations among participating States as set forth in the relevant document, ...


PAGE: 1. Human Contacts     [go to this PAGE]
... And conscious that the questions relevant hereto must be settled by the States concerned under mutually acceptable conditions, ...


PAGE: (d) Travel for Personal or Professional Reasons     [go to this PAGE]
... They intend to consider, as necessary, means - including, in so far as appropriate, the conclusion of multilateral or bilateral consular conventions or other relevant agreements or understandings - for the improvement of arrangements to provide consular services, including legal and consular assistance. ...


PAGE: Extension of Relations     [go to this PAGE]
... contributing to the development of direct communication and co-operation among relevant State institutions and non- governmental organizations, including, where necessary, such communication and co-operation carried out on the basis of special agreements and arrangements; ...


PAGE: Exchanges and Dissemination     [go to this PAGE]
... encouraging meetings among representatives of competent organizations and relevant firms to examine measures within their field of activity - such as the simplification of orders, time limits for sending supplies and modalities of payment - which might facilitate international commercial exchanges of books; ...


PAGE: Access     [go to this PAGE]
... encouraging competent organizations and relevant firms to conclude agreements and contracts and contributing, by this means, to a gradual increase in the number and diversity of works by authors from the other participating States available in the original and in translation in their libraries and bookshops; ...


PAGE: Contacts and Co-operation     [go to this PAGE]
... promote for persons active in the field of culture, travel and meetings including, where necessary, those carried out on the basis of agreements, contracts or other special arrangements and which are relevant to their cultural co-operation; ...
... encourage in this way contacts among creative and performing artists and artistic groups with a view to their working together, making known their works in other participating States or exchanging views on topics relevant to their common activity; ...


PAGE: (b) Access and Exchanges     [go to this PAGE]
... promoting the efficient implementation of such arrangements and programmes by providing scholars, teachers and students in good time with more detailed information about their placing in universities and institutes and the programmes envisaged for them; by granting them the opportunity to use relevant scholarly, scientific and open archival materials; and by facilitating their travel within the receiving State for the purpose of study or research as well as in the form of vacation tours on the basis of the usual procedures; ...


PAGE: (d) Foreign Languages and Civilizations     [go to this PAGE]
... to encourage the association, where appropriate, of the teaching of foreign languages with the study of the corresponding civilizations and also to make further efforts to stimulate interest in the study of foreign languages, including relevant out-of-class activities. ...


PAGE: (e) Teaching Methods     [go to this PAGE]
... intensifying exchanges of information on teaching methods used in various educational systems and on results of research into the processes by which pupils and students acquire knowledge, taking account of relevant experience in different types of specialized education; ...