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Law-ref.org | Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe - Final Act - Helsinki 1975 |
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PAGE: Marketing [go to this PAGE]
... will encourage the improvement of conditions for the
implementation of measures to promote trade and to satisfy the
needs of users in respect of imported products, in particular
through market research and advertising measures as well as,
where useful, the establishment of supply facilities, the
furnishing of spare parts, the functioning of after sales
services, and the training of the necessary local technical
personnel; ...
PAGE: 2. Industrial co-operation and projects of common interest Industrial co-operation [go to this PAGE]
... recognize further that, if it is in their mutual interest,
concrete forms such as the following may be useful for the
development of industrial co-operation: joint production and
sale, specialization in production and sale, construction,
adaptation and modernization of industrial plants, co-operation
for the setting up of complete industrial installations with a
view to thus obtaining part of the resultant products, mixed
companies, exchanges of <know-how>, of technical information,
of patents and of licences, and joint industrial research within
the framework of specific co-operation projects; ...
PAGE: Projects of common interest [go to this PAGE]
... co-operation in research for new sources of energy and, in
particular, in the field of nuclear energy;
...
... co-operation in research and the perfecting of equipment for
multimodal transport operations and for the handling of
containers;
...
PAGE: Possibilities for improving co-operation [go to this PAGE]
... the improvement of opportunities for the exchange and
dissemination of scientific and technological information among
the parties interested in scientific and technological research
and co-operation including information related to the
organization and implementation of such co-operation;
...
... the wider use of commercial channels and activities for
applied scientific and technological research and for the
transfer of achievements obtained in this field while providing
information on and protection of intellectual and industrial
property rights;
...
PAGE: Fields of co-operation Agriculture Energy New technologies, rational use of resources Transport technology Physics Chemistry
Meteorology and hydrology Oceanography Seismological research Research on glaciology, permafrost and problems of life under
conditions of cold Computer, communication and information technologies Space research Medicine and public health Environmental
research [go to this PAGE]
... Research into new methods and technologies for increasing
the productivity of crop cultivation and animal husbandry; the
application of chemistry to agriculture; the design, construction
and utilization of agricultural machinery; technologies of
irrigation and other agricultural land improvement works; ...
... New technologies of production, transport and distribution
of energy aimed at improving the use of existing fuels and
sources of hydroenergy, as well as research in the field of new
energy sources, including nuclear, solar and geothermal energy; ...
... Research on new technologies and equipment designed in
particular to reduce energy consumption and to minimize or
eliminate waste; ...
... Research on the means of transport and the technology
applied to the development and operation of international,
national and urban transport networks including container
transport as well as transport safety; ...
... Study of problems in high energy physics and plasma physics;
research in the field of theoretical and experimental nuclear
physics; ...
... Research on problems in electrochemistry and the chemistry
of polymers, of natural products, and of metals and alloys, as
well as the development of improved chemical technology,
especially materials processing; practical application of the
latest achievements of chemistry to industry, construction and
other sectors of the economy; ...
... Meteorological and hydrological research, including methods
of collection, evaluation and transmission of data and their
utilization for weather forecasting and hydrology forecasting; ...
... Seismological research ...
... Study and forecasting of earthquakes and associated
geological changes; development and research of technology of
seism-resisting constructions; ...
... Research on glaciology and permafrost; transportation and
construction technologies; human adaptation to climatic extremes
and changes in the living conditions of indigenous populations; ...
... Development of computers as well as of telecommunications
and information systems; technology associated with computers and
telecommunications, including their use for management systems,
for production processes, for automation, for the study of
economic problems, in scientific research and for the collection,
processing and dissemination of information; ...
... Space research ...
... Research on cardiovascular, tumour and virus diseases,
molecular biology, neurophysiology; development and testing of
new drugs; study of contemporary problems of pediatrics,
gerontology and the organization and techniques of medical
services; ...
... Environmental research ...
PAGE: Forms and methods of co-operation [go to this PAGE]
... exchanges and visits as well as other direct contacts and
communications among scientists and technologists, on the basis
of mutual agreement and other arrangements, for such purposes as
consultations, lecturing and conducting research, including the
use of laboratories, scientific libraries, and other documen-
tation centres in connexion therewith;
...
... joint preparation and implementation of programmes and
projects of mutual interest on the basis of consultation and
agreement among all parties concerned, including, where possible
and appropriate, exchanges of experience and research results,
and correlation of research programmes, between scientific and
technological research institutions and organizations;
...
... joint preparation and implementation of programmes and
projects of mutual interest on the basis of consultation and
agreement among all parties concerned, including, where possible
and appropriate, exchanges of experience and research results,
and correlation of research programmes, between scientific and
technological research institutions and organizations;
...
... joint preparation and implementation of programmes and
projects of mutual interest on the basis of consultation and
agreement among all parties concerned, including, where possible
and appropriate, exchanges of experience and research results,
and correlation of research programmes, between scientific and
technological research institutions and organizations;
...
... use of commercial channels and methods for identifying and
transferring technological and scientific developments, including
the conclusion of mutually beneficial co-operation arrangements
between firms and enterprises in fields agreed upon between them
and for carrying out, where appropriate, joint research and
development programmes and projects;
...
... consider it desirable that periodic exchanges of views and
information take place on scientific policy, in particular on
general problems of orientation and administration of research
and the question of a better use of large-scale scientific and
experimental equipment on a co-operative basis; ...
... in the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, study
of possibilities for expanding multilateral co-operation, taking
into account models for projects and research used in various
international organizations; and for sponsoring conferences,
symposia, and study and working groups such as those which would
bring together younger scientists and technologists with eminent
specialists in their field;
...
PAGE: Fields of co-operation Control of air pollution Water pollution control and fresh water utilization Protection of the marine
environment Land utilization and soils Nature conservation and nature reserves Improvement of environmental conditions in
areas of human settlement Fundamental research, monitoring, forecasting and assessment of environmental changes Legal and
administrative measures [go to this PAGE]
... Protection of nature and nature reserves; conservation and
maintenance of existing genetic resources, especially rare animal
and plant species; conservation of natural ecological systems;
establishment of nature reserves and other protected landscapes
and areas, including their use for research, tourism, recreation
and other purposes; ...
... Environmental conditions associated with transport, housing,
working areas, urban development and planning, water supply and
sewage disposal systems; assessment of harmful effects of noise,
and noise control methods; collection, treatment and utilization
of wastes, including the recovery and recycling of materials;
research on substitutes for non-biodegradable substances; ...
PAGE: Forms and methods of co-operation [go to this PAGE]
... exchanges of scientific and technical information,
documentation and research results, including information on the
means of determining the possible effects on the environment of
technical and economic activities;
...
... to develop through international co-operation an extensive
programme for the monitoring and evaluation of the long-range
transport of air pollutants, starting with sulphur dioxide and
with possible extension to other pollutants, and to this end to
take into account basic elements of a co-operation programme
which were identified by the experts who met in Oslo in December
1974 at the invitation of the Norwegian Institute of Air
Research;
...
PAGE: (b) Co-operation in the Field of Information [go to this PAGE]
... they will encourage the exchange of technical information as
well as the organization of joint research and meetings devoted
to the exchange of experience and views between experts in the
field of the press, radio and television.
...
PAGE: Fields and Forms of Co-operation [go to this PAGE]
... the exchange of information, and as may be appropriate,
meetings of experts, the elaboration and the execution of
research programmes and projects, as well as their joint
evaluation, and the dissemination of the results, on the subjects
indicated above;
...
PAGE: (a) Extension of Relations [go to this PAGE]
... promoting the conclusion of direct arrangements between
universities and other institutions of higher education and
research, in the framework of agreements between governments
where appropriate;
...
PAGE: (b) Access and Exchanges [go to this PAGE]
... facilitating travel between the participating States by
scholars, teachers and students for purposes of study, teaching
and research as well as for improving knowledge of each other's
educational, cultural and scientific achievements;
...
... encouraging the award of scholarships for study, teaching
and research in their countries to scholars, teachers and
students of other participating States;
...
... promoting the efficient implementation of such arrangements
and programmes by providing scholars, teachers and students in
good time with more detailed information about their placing in
universities and institutes and the programmes envisaged for
them; by granting them the opportunity to use relevant scholarly,
scientific and open archival materials; and by facilitating their
travel within the receiving State for the purpose of study or
research as well as in the form of vacation tours on the basis of
the usual procedures;
...
... promoting a more exact assessment of the problems of
comparison and equivalence of academic degrees and diplomas by
fostering the exchange of information on the organization,
duration and content of studies, the comparison of methods of
assessing levels of knowledge, and academic qualifications, and,
where feasible, arriving at the mutual recognition of academic
degrees and diplomas either through governmental agreements,
where necessary, or direct arrangements between universities and
other institutions of higher learning and research;
...
PAGE: (c) Science [go to this PAGE]
... making this information more widely available to scientists
and research workers of the other participating States through,
for instance, participation in international information-sharing
programmes or through other appropriate arrangements;
...
... broadening and facilitating the exchange of samples and
other scientific materials used particularly for fundamental
research in the fields of natural sciences and medicine;
...
... inviting scientific institutions and universities to keep
each other more fully and regularly informed about their current
and contemplated research work in fields of common interest.
To facilitate the extension of communications and direct
contacts between universities, scientific institutions and
associations as well as among scientists and research workers,
including those based where necessary on special agreements or
arrangements, by such means as:
...
... inviting scientific institutions and universities to keep
each other more fully and regularly informed about their current
and contemplated research work in fields of common interest.
To facilitate the extension of communications and direct
contacts between universities, scientific institutions and
associations as well as among scientists and research workers,
including those based where necessary on special agreements or
arrangements, by such means as:
...
... further developing exchanges of scientists and research
workers and encouraging the organization of preparatory meetings
or working groups on research topics of common interest;
...
... further developing exchanges of scientists and research
workers and encouraging the organization of preparatory meetings
or working groups on research topics of common interest;
...
... encouraging the creation of joint teams of scientists to
pursue research projects under arrangements made by the
scientific institutions of several countries;
...
... assisting the organization and successful functioning of
international conferences and seminars and participation in them
by their scientists and research workers;
...
... To develop in the field of scientific research, on a
bilateral or multilateral basis, the co-ordination of programmes
carried out in the participating States and the organization of
joint programmes, especially in the areas mentioned below, which
may involve the combined efforts of scientists and in certain
cases the use of costly or unique equipment. The list of subjects
in these areas is illustrative; and specific projects would have
to be determined subsequently by the potential partners in the
participating States, taking account of the contribution which
could be made by appropriate international organizations and
scientific institutions: ...
... exact and natural sciences, in particular fundamental
research in such fields as mathematics, physics, theoretical
physics, geophysics, chemistry, biology, ecology and astronomy;
...
... medicine, in particular basic research into cancer and
cardiovascular diseases, studies on the diseases endemic in the
developing countries, as well as medico-social research with
special emphasis on occupational diseases, the rehabilitation of
the handicapped and the care of mothers, children and the
elderly;
...
... medicine, in particular basic research into cancer and
cardiovascular diseases, studies on the diseases endemic in the
developing countries, as well as medico-social research with
special emphasis on occupational diseases, the rehabilitation of
the handicapped and the care of mothers, children and the
elderly;
...
... the humanities and social sciences, such as history,
geography, philosophy, psychology, pedagogical research,
linguistics, sociology, the legal, political and economic
sciences; comparative studies on social, socio-economic and
cultural phenomena which are of common interest to the
participating States, especially the problems of human
environment and urban development; and scientific studies on the
methods of conserving and restoring monuments and works of art.
...
PAGE: (e) Teaching Methods [go to this PAGE]
... intensifying exchanges of information on teaching methods
used in various educational systems and on results of research
into the processes by which pupils and students acquire
knowledge, taking account of relevant experience in different
types of specialized education;
...