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Law-ref.org | Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe - Final Act - Helsinki 1975 |
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PAGE: Co-operation in the Field of Economics, of Science and Technology and of the Environment [go to this PAGE]
... Convinced that their efforts to develop co-operation in the
fields of trade, industry, science and technology, the
environment and other areas of economic activity contribute to
the reinforcement of peace and security in Europe and in the
world as a whole, ...
PAGE: 1. Commercial Exchanges General provisions [go to this PAGE]
... Conscious of the growing role of international trade as one
of the most important factors in economic growth and social
progress, ...
... Recognizing that trade represents an essential sector of
their co-operation, and bearing in mind that the provisions
contained in the above preamble apply in particular to this
sector, ...
... Considering that the volume and structure of trade among the
participating States do not in all cases correspond to the
possibilities created by the current level of their economic,
scientific and technological development, ...
... are resolved to promote, on the basis of the modalities of
their economic co-operation, the expansion of their mutual trade
in goods and services, and to ensure conditions favourable to
such development; ...
... recognize the beneficial effects which can result for the
development of trade from the application of most favoured nation
treatment; ...
... will encourage the expansion of trade on as broad a
multilateral basis as possible, thereby endeavouring to utilize
the various economic and commercial possibilities; ...
... recognize the importance of bilateral and multilateral
intergovernmental and other agreements for the long-term
development of trade; ...
... note the importance of monetary and financial questions for
the development of international trade, and will endeavour to
deal with them with a view to contributing to the continuous
expansion of trade; ...
... note the importance of monetary and financial questions for
the development of international trade, and will endeavour to
deal with them with a view to contributing to the continuous
expansion of trade; ...
... will endeavour to reduce or progressively eliminate all
kinds of obstacles to the development of trade; ...
... will foster a steady growth of trade while avoiding as far
as possible abrupt fluctuations in their trade; ...
... will foster a steady growth of trade while avoiding as far
as possible abrupt fluctuations in their trade; ...
... consider that their trade in various products should be
conducted in such a way as not to cause or threaten to cause
serious injury - and should the situation arise, market
disruption - in domestic markets for these products and in
particular to the detriment of domestic producers of like or
directly competitive products; as regards the concept of market
disruption, it is understood that it should not be invoked in a
way inconsistent with the relevant provisions of their
international agreements; if they resort to safeguard measures,
they will do so in conformity with their commitments in this
field arising from international agreements to which they are
parties and will take account of the interests of the parties
directly concerned; ...
... will give due attention to measures for the promotion of
trade and the diversification of its structure; ...
... note that the growth and diversification of trade would
contribute to widening the possibilities of choice of products; ...
... consider it appropriate to create favourable conditions for
the participation of firms, organizations and enterprises in the
development of trade. ...
PAGE: Business contacts and facilities [go to this PAGE]
... will take measures further to improve conditions for the
expansion of contacts between representatives of official bodies,
of the different organizations, enterprises, firms and banks
concerned with foreign trade, in particular, where useful,
between sellers and users of products and services, for the
purpose of studying commercial possibilities, concluding
contracts, ensuring their implementation and providing after-
sales services; ...
... will encourage organizations, enterprises and firms
concerned with foreign trade to take measures to accelerate the
conduct of business negotiations; ...
... will further take measures aimed at improving working
conditions of representatives of foreign organizations,
enterprises, firms and banks concerned with external trade,
particularly as follows: ...
... recognize the importance of such measures to encourage
greater participation by small and medium sized firms in trade
between participating States.
...
PAGE: Economic and commercial information [go to this PAGE]
... Conscious of the growing role of economic and commercial
information in the development of international trade, ...
... Considering that economic information should be of such a
nature as to allow adequate market analysis and to permit the
preparation of medium and long term forecasts, thus contributing
to the establishment of a continuing flow of trade and a better
utilization of commercial possibilities, ...
... foreign trade statistics drawn up on the basis of comparable
classification including breakdown by product with indication of
volume and value, as well as country of origin or destination;
...
... information allowing forecasts of development of the economy
to assist in trade promotion, for example, information on the
general orientation of national economic plans and programmes;
...
... other information to help businessmen in commercial
contacts, for example, periodic directories, lists, and where
possible, organizational charts of firms and organizations
concerned with foreign trade;
...
... will support a study, in the framework of the United Nations
Economic Commission for Europe, of the possibilities of creating
a multilateral system of notification of laws and regulations
concerning foreign trade and changes therein; ...
PAGE: Marketing [go to this PAGE]
... Recognizing the importance of adapting production to the
requirements of foreign markets in order to ensure the expansion
of international trade, ...
... will encourage organizations, enterprises and firms
concerned with foreign trade to develop further the knowledge and
techniques required for effective marketing; ...
... will encourage the improvement of conditions for the
implementation of measures to promote trade and to satisfy the
needs of users in respect of imported products, in particular
through market research and advertising measures as well as,
where useful, the establishment of supply facilities, the
furnishing of spare parts, the functioning of after sales
services, and the training of the necessary local technical
personnel; ...
... will encourage international co-operation in the field of
trade promotion, including marketing, and the work undertaken on
these subjects within the international bodies, in particular the
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. ...
PAGE: 2. Industrial co-operation and projects of common interest Industrial co-operation [go to this PAGE]
... contribute to economic growth as well as to the expansion
and diversification of international trade and to a wider
utilization of modern technology,
...
... recognize that industrial co-operation covers a number of
forms of economic relations going beyond the framework of
conventional trade, and that in concluding contracts on
industrial co-operation the partners will determine jointly the
appropriate forms and conditions of co-operation, taking into
account their mutual interests and capabilities; ...
PAGE: Projects of common interest [go to this PAGE]
... consider that the fields of energy resources, in particular,
petroleum, natural gas and coal, and the extraction and
processing of mineral raw materials, in particular, iron ore and
bauxite, are suitable ones for strengthening long-term economic
co-operation and for the development of trade which could result; ...
PAGE: 3. Provisions concerning trade and industrial co-operation Harmonization of standards [go to this PAGE]
... Recognizing the development of international harmonization
of standards and technical regulations and of international co-
operation in the field of certification as an important means of
eliminating technical obstacles to international trade and
industrial co-operation, thereby facilitating their development
and increasing productivity, ...
PAGE: Arbitration [go to this PAGE]
... Considering that the prompt and equitable settlement of
disputes which may arise from commercial transactions relating to
goods and services and contracts for industrial co-operation
would contribute to expanding and facilitating trade and co-
operation, ...
PAGE: Specific bilateral arrangements [go to this PAGE]
... Conscious of the need to facilitate trade and to promote the
application of new forms of industrial co-operation, ...
PAGE: Forms and methods of co-operation [go to this PAGE]
... harmonization, where appropriate and necessary, of
environmental protection standards and norms, in particular with
the object of avoiding possible difficulties in trade which may
arise from efforts to resolve ecological problems of production
processes and which relate to the achievement of certain
environmental qualities in manufactured products;
...
PAGE: Questions relating to Security and Co-operation in the Mediterranean [go to this PAGE]
... to encourage with the non-participating Mediterranean States
the development of mutually beneficial co-operation in the
various fields of economic activity, especially by expanding
commercial exchanges, on the basis of a common awareness of the
necessity for stability and progress in trade relations, of their
mutual economic interests, and of differences in the levels of
economic development, thereby promoting their economic
advancement and well-being;
...