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... The States Parties to this Convention, ...
... Recognizing the need to elaborate effective international rules and procedures
concerning liability for damage caused by space objects and to ensure, in particular, the
prompt payment under the terms of this Convention of a full and equitable measure of
compensation to victims of such damage, ...
... For the purposes of this Convention: ...
... 2. In all cases of joint and several liability referred to in paragraph 1 of this
article, the burden of compensation for the damage shall be apportioned between the first
two States in accordance with the extent to which they were at fault; if the extent of the
fault of each of these States cannot be established, the burden of compensation shall be
apportioned equally between them. Such apportionment shall be without prejudice to the
right of the third State to seek the entire compensation due under this Convention from
any or all of the launching States which are jointly and severally liable. ...
... 2. A launching State which has paid compensation for damage shall have the right to
present a claim for indemnification to other participants in the joint launching. The
participants in a joint launching may conclude agreements regarding the apportioning among
themselves of the financial obligation in respect of which they are jointly and severally
liable. Such agreements shall be without prejudice to the right of a State sustaining
damage to seek the entire compensation due under this Convention from any or all of the
launching States which are jointly and severally liable. ...
... The provisions of this Convention shall not apply to damage caused by a space object of
a launching State to: ...
... A claim for compensation for damage shall be presented to a launching State through
diplomatic channels. If a State does not maintain diplomatic relations with the launching
State concerned, it may request another State to present its claim to that launching State
or otherwise represent its interests under this Convention. It may also present its claim
through the Secretary-General of the United Nations, provided the claimant State and the
launching State are both Members of the United Nations. ...
... 1. Presentation of a claim to a launching State for compensation for damage under this
Convention shall not require the prior exhaustion of any local remedies which may be
available to a claimant State or to natural or juridical persons it represents. ...
... 2. Nothing in this Convention shall prevent a State, or natural or juridical persons it
might represent, from pursuing a claim in the courts or administrative tribunals or
agencies of a launching State. A State shall not, however, be entitled to present a claim
under this Convention in respect of the same damage for which a claim is being pursued in
the courts or administrative tribunals or agencies of a launching State or under another
international agreement which is binding on the States concerned. ...
... 2. Nothing in this Convention shall prevent a State, or natural or juridical persons it
might represent, from pursuing a claim in the courts or administrative tribunals or
agencies of a launching State. A State shall not, however, be entitled to present a claim
under this Convention in respect of the same damage for which a claim is being pursued in
the courts or administrative tribunals or agencies of a launching State or under another
international agreement which is binding on the States concerned. ...
... The compensation which the launching State shall be liable to pay for damage under this
Convention shall be determined in accordance with international law and the principles of
justice and equity, in order to provide such reparation in respect of the damage as will
restore the person, natural or juridical, State or international organization on whose
behalf the claim is presented to the condition which would have existed if the damage had
not occurred. ...
... Unless the claimant State and the State from which compensation is due under this
Convention agree on another form of compensation, the compensation shall be paid in the
currency of the claimant State or, if that State so requests, in the currency of the State
from which compensation is due. ...
... If the damage caused by a space object presents a large-scale danger to human life or
seriously interferes with the living conditions of the population or the functioning of
vital centres, the States Parties, and in particular the launching State, shall examine
the possibility of rendering appropriate and rapid assistance to the State which has
suffered the damage, when it so requests. However, nothing in this article shall affect
the rights or obligations of the States Parties under this Convention. ...
... 1. In this Convention, with the exception of Articles XXIV to XXVII, references to
States shall be deemed to apply to any international intergovernmental organization which
conducts space activities if the organization declares its acceptance of the rights and
obligations provided for in this Convention and if a majority of the States members of the
organization are States Parties to this Convention and to the Treaty on Principles
Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including
the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies. ...
... 1. In this Convention, with the exception of Articles XXIV to XXVII, references to
States shall be deemed to apply to any international intergovernmental organization which
conducts space activities if the organization declares its acceptance of the rights and
obligations provided for in this Convention and if a majority of the States members of the
organization are States Parties to this Convention and to the Treaty on Principles
Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including
the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies. ...
... 1. In this Convention, with the exception of Articles XXIV to XXVII, references to
States shall be deemed to apply to any international intergovernmental organization which
conducts space activities if the organization declares its acceptance of the rights and
obligations provided for in this Convention and if a majority of the States members of the
organization are States Parties to this Convention and to the Treaty on Principles
Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including
the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies. ...
... 2. States members of any such organization which are States Parties to this Convention
shall take all appropriate steps to ensure that the organization makes a declaration in
accordance with the preceding paragraph. ...
... 3. If an international intergovernmental organization is liable for damage by virtue of
the provisions of this Convention, that organization and those of its members which are
States Parties to this Convention shall be jointly and severally liable; provided,
however, that: ...
... 3. If an international intergovernmental organization is liable for damage by virtue of
the provisions of this Convention, that organization and those of its members which are
States Parties to this Convention shall be jointly and severally liable; provided,
however, that: ...
... (b) only where the organization has not paid, within a period of six months, any sum
agreed or determined to be due as compensation for such damage, may the claimant State
invoke the liability of the members which are States Parties to this Convention for the
payment of that sum. ...
... 4. Any claim, pursuant to the provisions of this Convention, for compensation in
respect of damage caused to an organization which has made a declaration in accordance
with paragraph 1 of this Article shall be presented by a State member of the organization
which is a State Party to this Convention. ...
... 4. Any claim, pursuant to the provisions of this Convention, for compensation in
respect of damage caused to an organization which has made a declaration in accordance
with paragraph 1 of this Article shall be presented by a State member of the organization
which is a State Party to this Convention. ...
... 1. The provisions of this Convention shall not affect other international agreements in
force in so far as relations between the States Parties to such agreements are concerned. ...
... 2. No provision of this Convention shall prevent States from concluding international
agreements reaffirming, supplementing or extending its provisions. ...
... 1. This Convention shall be open to all States for signature. Any State which does not
sign this Convention before its entry into force in accordance with paragraph 3 of this
article may accede to it at any time. ...
... 1. This Convention shall be open to all States for signature. Any State which does not
sign this Convention before its entry into force in accordance with paragraph 3 of this
article may accede to it at any time. ...
... 2. This Convention shall be subject to ratification by signatory States. Instruments of
ratification and instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Governments of the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics and the United States of America, which are hereby designated the Depositary
Governments. ...
... 3. This Convention shall enter into force on the deposit of the fifth instrument of
ratification. ...
... 4. For States whose instruments of ratification or accession are deposited subsequent
to the entry into force of this Convention, it shall enter into force on the date of the
deposit of their instruments of ratification or accession. ...
... 5. The Depositary Governments shall promptly inform all signatory and acceding States
of the date of each signature, the date of deposit of each instrument of ratification of
and accession to this Convention, the date of its entry into force and other notices. ...
... 6. This Convention shall be registered by the Depositary Governments pursuant to
Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations. ...
... Any State Party to this Convention may propose amendments to this Convention.
Amendments shall enter into force for each State Party to the Convention accepting the
amendments upon their acceptance by a majority of the States Parties to the Convention and
thereafter for each remaining State Party to the Convention on the date of acceptance by
it. ...
... Any State Party to this Convention may propose amendments to this Convention.
Amendments shall enter into force for each State Party to the Convention accepting the
amendments upon their acceptance by a majority of the States Parties to the Convention and
thereafter for each remaining State Party to the Convention on the date of acceptance by
it. ...
... Any State Party to this Convention may propose amendments to this Convention.
Amendments shall enter into force for each State Party to the Convention accepting the
amendments upon their acceptance by a majority of the States Parties to the Convention and
thereafter for each remaining State Party to the Convention on the date of acceptance by
it. ...
... Any State Party to this Convention may propose amendments to this Convention.
Amendments shall enter into force for each State Party to the Convention accepting the
amendments upon their acceptance by a majority of the States Parties to the Convention and
thereafter for each remaining State Party to the Convention on the date of acceptance by
it. ...
... Any State Party to this Convention may propose amendments to this Convention.
Amendments shall enter into force for each State Party to the Convention accepting the
amendments upon their acceptance by a majority of the States Parties to the Convention and
thereafter for each remaining State Party to the Convention on the date of acceptance by
it. ...
... Ten years after the entry into force of this Convention, the question of the review of
this Convention shall be included in the provisional agenda of the United Nations General
Assembly in order to consider, in the light of past application of the Convention, whether
it requires revision. However, at any time after the Convention has been in force for five
years, and at the request of one third of the States Parties to the Convention, and with
the concurrence of the majority of the States Parties, a conference of the States Parties
shall be convened to review this Convention. ...
... Ten years after the entry into force of this Convention, the question of the review of
this Convention shall be included in the provisional agenda of the United Nations General
Assembly in order to consider, in the light of past application of the Convention, whether
it requires revision. However, at any time after the Convention has been in force for five
years, and at the request of one third of the States Parties to the Convention, and with
the concurrence of the majority of the States Parties, a conference of the States Parties
shall be convened to review this Convention. ...
... Ten years after the entry into force of this Convention, the question of the review of
this Convention shall be included in the provisional agenda of the United Nations General
Assembly in order to consider, in the light of past application of the Convention, whether
it requires revision. However, at any time after the Convention has been in force for five
years, and at the request of one third of the States Parties to the Convention, and with
the concurrence of the majority of the States Parties, a conference of the States Parties
shall be convened to review this Convention. ...
... Ten years after the entry into force of this Convention, the question of the review of
this Convention shall be included in the provisional agenda of the United Nations General
Assembly in order to consider, in the light of past application of the Convention, whether
it requires revision. However, at any time after the Convention has been in force for five
years, and at the request of one third of the States Parties to the Convention, and with
the concurrence of the majority of the States Parties, a conference of the States Parties
shall be convened to review this Convention. ...
... Ten years after the entry into force of this Convention, the question of the review of
this Convention shall be included in the provisional agenda of the United Nations General
Assembly in order to consider, in the light of past application of the Convention, whether
it requires revision. However, at any time after the Convention has been in force for five
years, and at the request of one third of the States Parties to the Convention, and with
the concurrence of the majority of the States Parties, a conference of the States Parties
shall be convened to review this Convention. ...
... Ten years after the entry into force of this Convention, the question of the review of
this Convention shall be included in the provisional agenda of the United Nations General
Assembly in order to consider, in the light of past application of the Convention, whether
it requires revision. However, at any time after the Convention has been in force for five
years, and at the request of one third of the States Parties to the Convention, and with
the concurrence of the majority of the States Parties, a conference of the States Parties
shall be convened to review this Convention. ...
... Any State Party to this Convention may give notice of its withdrawal from the
Convention one year after its entry into force by written notification to the Depositary
Governments. Such withdrawal shall take effect one year from the date of receipt of this
notification. ...
... Any State Party to this Convention may give notice of its withdrawal from the
Convention one year after its entry into force by written notification to the Depositary
Governments. Such withdrawal shall take effect one year from the date of receipt of this
notification. ...
... This Convention, of which the English, Russian, French, Spanish and Chinese texts are
equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of the Depositary Governments. Duly
certified copies of this Convention shall be transmitted by the Depositary Governments to
the Governments of the signatory and acceding States. ...
... This Convention, of which the English, Russian, French, Spanish and Chinese texts are
equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of the Depositary Governments. Duly
certified copies of this Convention shall be transmitted by the Depositary Governments to
the Governments of the signatory and acceding States. ...