Law-ref.org Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)
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ARTICLE-31: Other Use Without Authorization of the Right Holder     [go to this ARTICLE]
... (f) any such use shall be authorized predominantly for the supply of the domestic market of the Member authorizing such use; ...


... 2. Nothing in this Agreement shall prevent Members from specifying in their legislation licensing practices or conditions that may in particular cases constitute an abuse of intellectual property rights having an adverse effect on competition in the relevant market. As provided above, a Member may adopt, consistently with the other provisions of this Agreement, appropriate measures to prevent or control such practices, which may include for example exclusive grantback conditions, conditions preventing challenges to validity and coercive package licensing, in the light of the relevant laws and regulations of that Member. ...


ARTICLE-65: Transitional Arrangements     [go to this ARTICLE]
... 3. Any other Member which is in the process of transformation from a centrally-planned into a market, free-enterprise economy and which is undertaking structural reform of its intellectual property system and facing special problems in the preparation and implementation of intellectual property laws and regulations, may also benefit from a period of delay as foreseen in paragraph 2. ...