 |
Law-ref.org | Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties |
Site search
Sister sites
international [Global Index]
...
Recognizing the ever-increasing importance of
treaties as a source of international law and as a means of developing peaceful
co-operation among nations, whatever their constitutional
and social systems,
...
...
Affirming that disputes concerning treaties, like
other international disputes, should be settled by peaceful
means and in conformity with the principles of justice
and international law,
...
...
Affirming that disputes concerning treaties, like
other international disputes, should be settled by peaceful
means and in conformity with the principles of justice
and international law,
...
...
Having in mind the principles of international
law embodied in the Charter of the United Nations, such as the principles of
the equal rights and self-determination of peoples, of the sovereign equality
and independence of all States, of non-interference in the domestic affairs
of States, of the prohibition of the threat or use of force and of universal
respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all,
...
...
Believing that the codification and progressive
development of the law of treaties achieved in the present Convention will promote
the purposes of the United Nations set forth in the Charter, namely, the maintenance
of international peace and security, the development of friendly relations and
the achievement of co-operation among nations,
...
...
Affirming that the rules of customary international law will continue to
govern questions not regulated by the provisions of the present Convention,
...
ARTICLE-2: Use of terms [go to this ARTICLE]
... (a) “treaty” means an international agreement concluded
between States in written form and governed by international
law, whether embodied in a single instrument or in
two or more related instruments and whatever its particular
designation; ...
... (a) “treaty” means an international agreement concluded
between States in written form and governed by international
law, whether embodied in a single instrument or in
two or more related instruments and whatever its particular
designation; ...
... (b) “ratification”, “acceptance”, “approval”
and “accession” mean in each case the international
act so named whereby a State establishes on the international
plane its consent to be bound by a treaty; ...
... (b) “ratification”, “acceptance”, “approval”
and “accession” mean in each case the international
act so named whereby a State establishes on the international
plane its consent to be bound by a treaty; ...
... (i) “'international organization”' means an intergovernmental
organization. ...
ARTICLE-3: International agreements not within the scope
of the present Convention [go to this ARTICLE]
... The fact that the present Convention does not apply to international
agreements concluded between States and other subjects
of international law or between such other subjects of
international law, or to international agreements not
in written form, shall not affect: ...
... The fact that the present Convention does not apply to international
agreements concluded between States and other subjects
of international law or between such other subjects of
international law, or to international agreements not
in written form, shall not affect: ...
... The fact that the present Convention does not apply to international
agreements concluded between States and other subjects
of international law or between such other subjects of
international law, or to international agreements not
in written form, shall not affect: ...
... The fact that the present Convention does not apply to international
agreements concluded between States and other subjects
of international law or between such other subjects of
international law, or to international agreements not
in written form, shall not affect: ...
... (b) the application to them of any of the rules set forth
in the present Convention to which they would be subject
under international law independently of the Convention; ...
... (c) the application of the Convention to the relations of
States as between themselves under international agreements
to which other subjects of international law are also
parties. ...
... (c) the application of the Convention to the relations of
States as between themselves under international agreements
to which other subjects of international law are also
parties. ...
ARTICLE-4: Non-retroactivity of the present Convention [go to this ARTICLE]
... Without prejudice to the application of any rules
set forth in the present Convention to which treaties
would be subject under international law independently
of the Convention, the Convention applies only to treaties which
are concluded by States after the entry into force of the present Convention
with regard to such States. ...
ARTICLE-5: Treaties constituting international organizations and treaties adopted within
an international organization [go to this ARTICLE]
... Treaties constituting international organizations and treaties adopted within
an international organization ...
... Treaties constituting international organizations and treaties adopted within
an international organization ...
... The present Convention applies to any treaty which
is the constituent instrument of an international organization
and to any treaty adopted within an international organization
without prejudice to any relevant rules of the organization.
...
... The present Convention applies to any treaty which
is the constituent instrument of an international organization
and to any treaty adopted within an international organization
without prejudice to any relevant rules of the organization.
...
ARTICLE-7: Full powers [go to this ARTICLE]
... (c) representatives accredited by States to an international
conference or to an international organization or one
of its organs, for the purpose of adopting the text
of a treaty in that conference, organization or organ. ...
... (c) representatives accredited by States to an international
conference or to an international organization or one
of its organs, for the purpose of adopting the text
of a treaty in that conference, organization or organ. ...
ARTICLE-9: Adoption of the text [go to this ARTICLE]
... 1. The adoption of the text of a treaty takes
place by the consent of all the States participating
in its drawing up except as provided in paragraph 2.
2. The adoption of the text of a treaty at an international
conference takes place by the vote of two-thirds of the
States present and voting, unless by the same majority
they shall decide to apply a different rule. ...
ARTICLE-20: Acceptance of and objection to reservations [go to this ARTICLE]
...
3. When a treaty is a constituent instrument of an international
organization and unless it otherwise provides, a reservation
requires the acceptance of the competent organ of that
organization.
...
ARTICLE-31: General rule of interpretation [go to this ARTICLE]
... (c) any relevant rules of international law applicable in
the relations between the parties. ...
ARTICLE-38: Rules in a treaty becoming binding on third States
through international custom [go to this ARTICLE]
... Nothing in articles 34 to 37 precludes a rule
set forth in a treaty from becoming binding upon a third
State as a customary rule of international law, recognized
as such. ...
ARTICLE-43: Obligations imposed by international law independently of a treaty [go to this ARTICLE]
... The invalidity, termination or denunciation of
a treaty, the withdrawal of a party from it, or the suspension
of its operation, as a result of the application of the
present Convention or of the provisions of the treaty, shall
not in any way impair the duty of any State to fulfil any obligation embodied
in the treaty to which it would be subject under international law independently
of the treaty. ...
ARTICLE-52: Coercion of a State by the threat or use of force [go to this ARTICLE]
... A treaty is void if its conclusion has been procured
by the threat or use of force in violation of the principles
of international law embodied in the Charter of the United
Nations. ...
ARTICLE-53: Treaties conflicting with a peremptory norm of
general international law (jus cogens) [go to this ARTICLE]
... A treaty is void if, at the time of its conclusion,
it conflicts with a peremptory norm of general international
law. For the purposes of the present Convention, a peremptory
norm of general international law is a norm accepted
and recognized by the international community of States as a whole
as a norm from which no derogation is permitted and which can be modified
only by a subsequent norm of general international law having the same
character. ...
... A treaty is void if, at the time of its conclusion,
it conflicts with a peremptory norm of general international
law. For the purposes of the present Convention, a peremptory
norm of general international law is a norm accepted
and recognized by the international community of States as a whole
as a norm from which no derogation is permitted and which can be modified
only by a subsequent norm of general international law having the same
character. ...
... A treaty is void if, at the time of its conclusion,
it conflicts with a peremptory norm of general international
law. For the purposes of the present Convention, a peremptory
norm of general international law is a norm accepted
and recognized by the international community of States as a whole
as a norm from which no derogation is permitted and which can be modified
only by a subsequent norm of general international law having the same
character. ...
... A treaty is void if, at the time of its conclusion,
it conflicts with a peremptory norm of general international
law. For the purposes of the present Convention, a peremptory
norm of general international law is a norm accepted
and recognized by the international community of States as a whole
as a norm from which no derogation is permitted and which can be modified
only by a subsequent norm of general international law having the same
character. ...
ARTICLE-61: Supervening impossibility of performance [go to this ARTICLE]
...
2. Impossibility of performance may not be invoked by
a party as a ground for terminating, withdrawing from
or suspending the operation of a treaty if the impossibility
is the result of a breach by that party either of an obligation
under the treaty or of any other international obligation owed to
any other party to the treaty. ...
ARTICLE-62: Fundamental change of circumstances [go to this ARTICLE]
... (b) if the fundamental change is the result of a breach by
the party invoking it either of an obligation under
the treaty or of any other international obligation
owed to any other party to the treaty. ...
ARTICLE-64: Emergence of a new peremptory norm of general
international law (jus cogens) [go to this ARTICLE]
... If a new peremptory norm of general international
law emerges, any existing treaty which is in conflict
with that norm becomes void and terminates. ...
ARTICLE-66: Procedures for judicial settlement, arbitration
and conciliation [go to this ARTICLE]
... (a) any one of the parties to a dispute concerning the application
or the interpretation of articles 53 or 64 may, by
a written application, submit it to the International
Court of Justice for a decision unless the parties
by common consent agree to submit the dispute to arbitration; ...
ARTICLE-71: Consequences of the invalidity of a treaty which
conflict
with a peremptory norm of general international law [go to this ARTICLE]
... Consequences of the invalidity of a treaty which
conflict
with a peremptory norm of general international law ...
... (a) eliminate as far as possible the consequences of any
act performed in reliance on any provision which conflicts
with the peremptory norm of general international law;
and ...
... (b) bring their mutual relations into conformity with the
peremptory norm of general international law. ...
... (b) does not affect any right, obligation or legal situation
of the parties created through the execution of the
treaty prior to its termination; provided that those
rights, obligations or situations may thereafter be
maintained only to the extent that their maintenance
is not in itself in conflict with the new peremptory norm of
general international law. ...
ARTICLE-73: Cases of State succession, State responsibility and outbreak of hostilities [go to this ARTICLE]
... The provisions of the present Convention shall
not prejudge any question that may arise in regard to
a treaty from a succession of States or from the international
responsibility of a State or from the outbreak of hostilities
between States. ...
ARTICLE-76: Depositaries of treaties [go to this ARTICLE]
... 1. The designation of the depositary of a treaty
may be made by the negotiating States, either in the
treaty itself or in some other manner. The depositary
may be one or more States, an international organization or the
chief administrative officer of the organization.
...
...
2. The functions of the depositary of a treaty are international
in character and the depositary is under an obligation
to act impartially in their performance. In particular,
the fact that a treaty has not entered into force between
certain of the parties or that a difference has appeared between
a State and a depositary with regard to the performance of the latter's
functions shall not affect that obligation. ...
ARTICLE-77: Functions of depositaries [go to this ARTICLE]
... 2. In the event of any difference appearing between a State
and the depositary as to the performance of the latter's
functions, the depositary shall bring the question to
the attention of the signatory States and the contracting
States or, where appropriate, of the competent organ of the international
organization concerned. ...
ARTICLE-81: Signature [go to this ARTICLE]
... The present Convention shall be open for signature
by all States Members of the United Nations or of any
of the specialized agencies or of the International Atomic
Energy Agency or parties to the Statute of the International
Court of Justice, and by any other State invited by the General
Assembly of the United Nations to become a party to the Convention, as
follows: until 30 November 1969, at the Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairs
of the Republic of Austria, and subsequently, until 30 April 1970, at
United Nations Headquarters, New York. ...
... The present Convention shall be open for signature
by all States Members of the United Nations or of any
of the specialized agencies or of the International Atomic
Energy Agency or parties to the Statute of the International
Court of Justice, and by any other State invited by the General
Assembly of the United Nations to become a party to the Convention, as
follows: until 30 November 1969, at the Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairs
of the Republic of Austria, and subsequently, until 30 April 1970, at
United Nations Headquarters, New York. ...